Bones

Question 1

How many bones does the skeleton have?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

Name the 2 parts the skeleton is divided into

Answer 2

Axial skeleton (skull, ribs,spine)

Appendicular skeleton (upper and lower limbs, hips, shoulder)

Question 3

What are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 3

Movement 
Storage
Protection
Shape
Production

Question 4

What does bone marrow do?

Answer 4

Produces red and while blood cells

Question 5

Body types

Answer 5

Ectomorph- tall, skinny, narrow shoulders and hips
Endomorph- rounded, wide hips, narrow shoulders
Mesomorph- muscular, wide shoulders, narrow hopes

Question 6

Name the main structures of the skeleton

Answer 6

Pectoral, or shoulder, girdle 
Upper limbs 
Pelvic, or hip, girdle 
Lower limbs
Vertebral column, or spine

Question 7

Pectoral, or shoulder, girdle

Answer 7

• Composed of a double set of 2 bones on the right and left sides of the body
• Each clavicle articulates with a scapula and with the sternum

Question 8

Scapula

Answer 8

Shoulder blade

Abduction and adduction

Question 9

Humerus

Answer 9

The upper arm bone

Question 10

Radius and ulna

Answer 10

Ulna under the radius
The round head of the radius pivots at the elbow and rotates to turn the hand over
The ulna only flexes and extends because it is a hinge joint

Question 11

Carpals

Answer 11

Bones lying between the wrist

Question 12

The pelvic, or hip, girdle

Answer 12

-Pelvis supports weight bearing lower limbs

Question 13

Pelvis

Answer 13

Comprising 2 upper hip bones connected at the back with the sacrym

Question 14

Femur

Answer 14

Thigh bone

Ball and socket at the junction with the pelvis and a hinge join at the junction with the knee

Question 15

Tibia and fibula

Answer 15

Lower leg

Question 16

How many vertebrae are there?

Answer 16

33

Question 17

Anatomy of the normal spine

Answer 17

Cervical curve
Thoracic curve
Lumbar curve
Sarcral curve

Question 18

What movements is the spine capable of?

Answer 18

Flexion and extension
Rotation
Lateral flexion and lateral extension

Question 19

Curvatures of the spine- lordosis

Answer 19

Exaggerated inward curvature of the lumbar spine that gives the lower back a hollowed appearance

Question 20

Kyphosis

Answer 20

Where an individual has an exaggerated rounding in the thoracic vertebrae

Question 21

Scoliosis

Answer 21

A lateral, or sideways curvature f the spine which gives the appearance of an S shape

Question 22

Name the 5 types of bone

Answer 22

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones 
Sesamoid bones

Question 23

Bone growth

Answer 23

• Just 8 weeks after conception, the main bones have already formed in cartilage and connective tussle membranes
• In the middle of these cartilage ‘bones’ some of the cells expand in size and then burst
• Cell contents stimulate the cartilage on the outside to turn to bones

Question 24

Remodelling- osteoclasts

Answer 24

Remove old bone

Question 25

Remodelling- osteoblasts

Answer 25

Lay down new bone tissue

Question 26

Effect of inactivity on bones

Answer 26

Bone not being stimulated to lay down new bone so becomes fragile

Question 27

Growth spurts

Answer 27

Times when bone growth quickens due to an increase in hormonal activity Growing bone is vulnerable to damage

Question 28

Osteoporosis

Answer 28

As we get older minerals tend to be lost in the bones and we may start to suffer from a degenerative process called osteoporosis

Question 29

Vitamin D

Answer 29

Without it, calcium can't be absorbed

Question 30

Calcium

Answer 30

When calcium levels drop, this is instead taken from the bone which may result in weakening

Question 31

Ossification

Answer 31

Bone growth results from ossification which is not completed until around 25

Question 32

Structure of long bones

Answer 32

``` Diaphysis Periosteum Epiphysis Epiphsteal plates Medullary cavity Cavities Articular cartilage ```