Bones and Joints Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the 5 functions of bones?
Support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation.
Name the 5 types of bones.
Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid.
What is the shaft of a long bone called?
Diaphysis.
What is the function of yellow bone marrow?
Stores fat.
Where is red bone marrow found in children?
In the medullary cavity of long bones.
What are the two types of bone tissue?
Compact bone and spongy bone.
What are osteocytes?
Mature bone cells in lacunae.
What is an osteon?
A cylinder-shaped unit of compact bone.
What do canaliculi do?
Carry nutrients and waste to and from osteocytes.
What is ossification?
The process of bone formation.
What hormones control blood calcium levels?
PTH (raises), calcitonin (lowers).
What happens during bone remodeling?
Old bone is replaced with new bone based on stress and calcium needs.
What are the 4 steps of fracture healing?
Hematoma → fibrocartilage callus → bony callus → bone remodel.
What are the 3 functional types of joints?
Synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses.
What are the 3 structural types of joints?
Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial.
Give an example of a synovial joint.
Shoulder, knee, elbow.
What is a bursa?
A fluid-filled sac that reduces friction in a joint.
Name two types of synovial joints.
Ball-and-socket, hinge.
What is a sesamoid bone?
A bone that forms inside a tendon (e.g., patella).
What is the difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
Osteoblasts build bone; osteoclasts break down bone.
