Bones and Joints of the Thorax and Upper Limb

Question 1

The first 7 ribs are considered

Answer 1

True/vertebrocostal

Question 2

Ribs 8-10 are considered ____, and attach to the costal cartilage of the rib above as their anterior articulation

Answer 2

False/vertebrochondral

Question 3

Ribs 11 and 12 are ____ and do not have anterior articulations

Answer 3

Floating

Question 4

The three parts of the sternum are

Answer 4

Manubrium, Body of Sternum, Xiphoid process

Question 5

The manubrium has 3 notches- 1 to articulate with the ____ and two costal notches to articulate with ___

Answer 5

clavicle; 1st and 2nd rib

Question 6

The manubriosternal joint is also called the ____, and the second rib articulates here

Answer 6

sternal angle

Question 7

The body of the sternum has a joint connecting it to the xiphoid process and the joint is called

Answer 7

the xiphisternal joint

Question 8

Ribs 1-10 develop from 4 ossification centers. The one primary center is ____; the three secondary ossification centers are for the ____, ______, and _____

Answer 8

the body of the rib; head, articular part of the tubercle, non-articular part of the tubercle

Question 9

The joints joining the ribs and vertebrae are ____, which allows rotation of the head of the rib on the vertebral body as the ribs elevate or depress

Answer 9

Costovertebral joints are plane synovial

Question 10

The heads of the ribs 1, 11, and 12 (maybe 10) articulate with ____

Answer 10

just the vertebrae of the same number

Question 11

The heads of ribs 2-9 articulate with _____

Answer 11

the vertebrae of the same number and the vertebrae above

Question 12

The joint between the tubercle of the rib and the costal facet of the transverse process of the same numbered vertebrae is considered a _____ joint; at the superior and middle joints (ribs 1-7) the movement that occurs is ____; at the inferior joints (ribs 8-10) the movement that occurs is ____ (when the ribs are elevated or depressed)

Answer 12

plane synovial; rotation; gliding

Question 13

The costochondral joints, located between costal cartilages and anterior ends of ribs, are ____ joints which allow flexibility but ____

Answer 13

primary cartilaginous joints; no movement

Question 14

The interchondral joints, located _____, are plane synovial joints which allow _____ movement

Answer 14

between costal cartilages; no movement

Question 15

The first sternocostal joint is a ____ and allows ___ movement

Answer 15

primary cartilaginous joint; no movement

Question 16

2nd-7th sternocostal joints are ____ joints and allow ____movement

Answer 16

plane synovial joints; no movement

Question 17

The sternocostal joints join ____ and ____

Answer 17

costal cartilage of ribs to costal notches in sternum

Question 18

The manubriosternal joint is a ___ joint between the manubrium and the body of the sternum; it allows ____ movement

Answer 18

secondary cartilaginous joint; no movement

Question 19

the xiphisternal joint is a ____ joint between the body of the sternum and the xiphoid process; it allows ____ movement

Answer 19

primary cartilaginous joint; no movement

Question 20

The clavicle is the only bony connection between the upper arm and thorax; it connects these with the _____ and ____ joints

Answer 20

acromioclavicular joint (joins the clavicle and acromion of the scapula) and the sternoclavicular joint (joints the sternum and the clavicle)

Question 21

The clavicle ossifies with _____ ossification; its primary centers are medial and lateral, and its secondary center is at the sternal end

Answer 21

intramembranous ossification

Question 22

This is a saddle synovial joint with an articular disk, but it functions as a ball-and-socket joint. It allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumflexion, and rotation the upper arm

Answer 22

Sternoclavicular joint (the sternal end of the clavicle and the clavicular notch of the manubrium)

Question 23

This is a plane synovial joint with an articular disk that allows slight gliding between the clavicle and scapula

Answer 23

Acromioclavicular joint (acromial end of clavicle and acromion process of scapula)

Question 24

This ligament forms the joint capsule of the sternoclavicular joint

Answer 24

sternoclavicular ligament

Question 25

This ligament forms the joint capsule of the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 25

acromioclavicular ligament

Question 26

This ligament stretches from the coracoid process of the scapula to the acromion process of the scapula

Answer 26

Coracoacromial ligament

Question 27

The coraco-clavicular ligament has two parts: ___ from the trapezoid line of the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula, and ____ from the conoid tubercle of clavicle to coracoid process of the scapula

Answer 27

Trapezoid ligament; Conoid ligament

Question 28

This ligament attaches the impression of the clavicle to the costal cartilage of the first rib

Answer 28

Costoclavicular ligament

Question 29

This ligament attaches from the sternal end of the clavicle on top of the manubrium and across to the sternal end of the other clavicle

Answer 29

Interclavicular ligament

Question 30

The supraglenoid tubercle is the attachment for the long head of the

Answer 30

biceps

Question 31

The infraglenoid tubercle is the attachment for the long head of the

Answer 31

triceps

Question 32

The scapula has 1 primary ossification center for the ___; it has secondary centers: 2 for ____, 2 for ____, 1 for the ___angle, 1 for the ___border, and 1 for the ___fossa

Answer 32

body; acromion process, corocoid process, inferior angle, medial border, glenoid fossa

Question 33

The primary ossification center for the humerus is ___; the 7 secondary ossification centers are for the ___, ____, _____, _____, _____, _____, ______

Answer 33

body; head, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle, capitulum, trochlea

Question 34

This is a ball-and-socket joint that allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, medial rotation of the shoulder, and lateral rotation of the shoulder

Answer 34

Glenohumeral joint

Question 35

There are 3 ligaments of the glenohumeral joint:

Answer 35

Coracohumeral ligament, transverse humeral ligament, coracoacromial ligament

Question 36

The ____ attaches at the coracoid process of the scapula and the greater tubercle of the humerus

Answer 36

coracohumeral ligament

Question 37

The ____ attaches from the greater to lesser tubercle of the humerus, on top of the long head tendon

Answer 37

transverse humeral ligament

Question 38

The ____ attaches from the acromion process of the scapula to the coracoid process of the scapula

Answer 38

Coracoacromial ligament

Question 39

These ligaments reinforce the anterior part of the joint capsule and attach from the edge of the glenoid fossa to the anatomical neck of the humerus

Answer 39

Glenohumeral ligaments

Question 40

The head of the radius is on the ____end of the wrist, whereas the head of the ulna is at the ____end of the wrist

Answer 40

proximal; distal

Question 41

This joint is a hinge synovial joint between the capitulum of the humerus and fovea of the radial head, and the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna; it allows extension and flexion

Answer 41

Elbow joint

Question 42

The elbow joint has 2 ligaments; the first is between the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the anular ligament of the radius, called the ____; the second is between the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the coronoid and olecranon process of the ulna, called the ___

Answer 42

radial collateral ligament; ulnar collateral ligament

Question 43

This is a pivot synovial joint between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna which allows supination and pronation

Answer 43

Proximal radio-ulnar joint

Question 44

This is a fibrous joint between the interosseous borders of the radius and ulna; it also allows supination and pronation

Answer 44

Radio-ulnar syndesmosis

Question 45

This a pivot synovial joint between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius, and allows supination and pronation

Answer 45

Distal radio-ulnar joint

Question 46

The primary center of ossification for the ulna is for the___, and the two secondary centers are for the ___ and ____

Answer 46

body; end of the olecranon process and head

Question 47

The primary center of ossification for the radius is for the ____, and the two secondary centers are for the ____ and ____

Answer 47

body; head and distal end

Question 48

The bones of the wrist are called the carpals; starting from bottom lateral the carpals in order are

Answer 48

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrem, pisiform, (lateral proximal) | trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (lateral distal)

Question 49

This is a condyloid synovial joint between the distal end of the radius and the scaphoid and lunate; movement at this joint includes flexion and extension, abduction and adduction (also known as radial deviation and ulnar deviation), and circumduction. THERE IS NO ROTATION

Answer 49

Radiocarpal joint

Question 50

Present on the posterior wrist, this prevents bowing out of the extensor muscle tendons

Answer 50

Extensor retinaculum

Question 51

This ligament is on the proximal wrist on the flexor side

Answer 51

Palmar carpal ligament

Question 52

This forms the roof of the carpal tunnel at the base of the hand and also prevents bowing of the flexor muscle tendons

Answer 52

Flexor retinaculum

Question 53

What runs through the carpal tunnel? (4)

Answer 53

Median n., tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus, tendon of flexor pollicis longus

Question 54

The radial and ulnar collateral ligaments are present at both the ___ and ___ joints

Answer 54

Elbow and wrist

Question 55

These joints are plane synovial joints between the carpal bones that allow slight gliding during wrist movements

Answer 55

Intercarpal joints

Question 56

These joints are between the proximal and distal rows of the carpals and allow gliding with wrist movements

Answer 56

Midcarpal joints

Question 57

These are plane synovial joints in digits 2-5 between the distal row of carpal bones and the bases of the metacarpals

Answer 57

Carpometacarpal joints

Question 58

This is a saddle synovial joint in digit 1 between the carpals and the first metacarpal

Answer 58

Carpometacarpal joint

Question 59

The CMC joint of digit one allows ___ movement

Answer 59

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and opposition

Question 60

The CMC joint of digits 2 and 3 allows ____ movement

Answer 60

no real movement

Question 61

The CMC joint of digits 4 and 5 allows ___ movement

Answer 61

slight gliding with opposition and reposition

Question 62

These are plane synovial joints between the bases of the metacarpals, allowing slight gliding between the 1st and 2nd metacarpals and the 4th and 5th, but not a lot of movement between the others

Answer 62

Intermetacarpal joints

Question 63

These are condyloid synovial joints between the heads of metacarpals and bases of proximal phalanges, allowing flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction

Answer 63

Metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 64

These are hinge synovial joints between the base of 1 phalanx and the head of the inferior phalanx and allow only flexion and extension

Answer 64

Interphalangeal joints

Question 65

Each carpal ossifies from __ center; each metacarpal ossifies from ___ centers; each phalanx ossifies from ___ centers

Answer 65

one; two; two

Question 66

For the metacarpals, the primary center is for each metacarpal body and the secondary centers are for each ___ in digits 2-5 and for the ___ in digit 1

Answer 66

metacarpal head; metacarpal base

Question 67

For the phalanges, the primary center is for each phalanx body, and the secondary center is for each phalanx ___

Answer 67

base