Bones/Cartilage

Question 1

what is articular cartilage

Answer 1

end of the bone (hyaline cartilage)

Question 2

what is periosteum

Answer 2

membrane on the surface

Question 3

what is endosteum

Answer 3

membrane lining marrow cavity

Question 4

what is metaphysis

Answer 4

flared area of the long bone

Question 5

what is diaphysis

Answer 5

shaft of the long bone

Question 6

what is epiphysis

Answer 6

end of the long bone

Question 7

what is the compact/cortex

Answer 7

outer layer of dense bone that gives the bone strength

Question 8

what is cancellous bone

Answer 8

center of bones that absorbs concussion

Question 9

what is the medullary cortex

Answer 9

center of long bones (legs/ribs)

Question 10

how is the medullary cortex different in young and old horses

Answer 10

young- cavity contains red bone marrow
old- replaced with fat

Question 11

what is a tuberosity

Answer 11

protrusion
usually a site of muscle attachment

Question 12

what is an example of tuberosity

Answer 12

humorous

Question 13

what is a process

Answer 13

projection
pulley for muscle to run over it

Question 14

what is an example of a process

Answer 14

scapula, humorous

Question 15

what is a fossa

Answer 15

hollow grooves
give an overlaying muscle more room to move

Question 16

what is an example of a fossa

Answer 16

scapula

Question 17

how to bone tissues vary

Answer 17

in density

Question 18

what are the two types of bone tissue

Answer 18

1. compact (cortical)
2. cancellous

Question 19

function and location of compact tissue

Answer 19

dense for strength
toward outside

Question 20

function and location of cancellous tissue

Answer 20

cellular development, structure support
toward inside

Question 21

what does the amount of tissue within the bone depend on

Answer 21

type and function (i.e. long bone, vertebrae)

Question 22

how does bone tissue constantly change

Answer 22

it is constantly renewing itself

Question 23

what is the function of bone tissue

Answer 23

store and release minerals depending on the body’s needs

Question 24

how do bones change

Answer 24

change shape and density to accommodate the stress it is under

Question 25

what can affect density of bone tissue

Answer 25

conformation, exercise (blood supply), nutrition

Question 26

what is the average amount of bones in the skeletal system

Answer 26

205

Question 27

how many bones are in the skull

Answer 27

34

Question 28

how many bones are in the vertebral column

Answer 28

54

Question 29

how many bones are in the ribs

Answer 29

36

Question 30

how many bones are in the sternum

Answer 30

1

Question 31

how many bones are in the thoracic limbs

Answer 31

40

Question 32

how many bones are in the pelvic limbs

Answer 32

40

Question 33

what are long bones

Answer 33

long, cylinder shaped bones

Question 34

what is the function of long bones

Answer 34

support weight locomotion, levers

Question 35

what are examples of long bones

Answer 35

humorous, radius, femur, tibia, metacarpals, metatarsals

Question 36

what are cuboidal bones

Answer 36

(short) block shaped

Question 37

what is the function of cuboidal bones

Answer 37

absorb concussion

Question 38

what are examples of cuboidal bones

Answer 38

knee (carpal), hock (tarsal)

Question 39

what is the function of flat bones

Answer 39

enclosed the cavities containing vital organs

Question 40

what are examples of flat bones

Answer 40

skull, scapula, ribs

Question 41

what are the functions of sesamoid bones

Answer 41

assist other bones in the joint to reduce friction act as a pulley for tendons

Question 42

what are examples of sesamoid bones

Answer 42

fetlock, navicular, patella, distal sesamoid bone

Question 43

what are pneumatic bones

Answer 43

bones that contain air spaces

Question 44

what is the function of pneumatic bones

Answer 44

house air passages

Question 45

what are examples of pneumatic bones

Answer 45

frontal bones, maxillary, bones of the skull

Question 46

what are irregular bones

Answer 46

odd shaped, unpaired

Question 47

what are examples of irregular bones

Answer 47

vertebrae, coffin, elbow

Question 48

what are some characteristics of cartilage

Answer 48

-tough elastic tissue -no blood supply

Question 49

what is the function of cartilage cells

Answer 49

receive nutrients from body fluids by diffusion

Question 50

what are the two types of cartilage

Answer 50

growth and articular

Question 51

what is articular cartilage

Answer 51

covers to joint surface

Question 52

what is growth cartilage

Answer 52

end of foal's long bone changes to bone