bones of skull, meninges, spinal cord Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
describe neurocranium
A
all bones of skull
2
Q
describe viscerocranium
A
bones of the face
3
Q
cranial vault, aka, ___ is divided into ____ and ___ regions
A
neurocranium, superior and posterior (compared to visceraocranium)
4
Q
calvaria
A
roof of head
5
Q
basicranium
A
(floor) where spine connects to head
6
Q
what is the location of the cranial nerves leaving the brain
A
basicranium
7
Q
fossa
A
indentions of valleys for different regions
8
Q
pull up a picture of the skull and name the regions
A
9
Q
anterior fossa made up of
A
frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid
10
Q
the frontal bone contains
A
frontal crest
11
Q
the cribiform plate
A
12
Q
where do frontal lobes sit
A
anterior cranial fossa
13
Q
crista galli
A
14
Q
if there was an injury to the anterior cranial fossa what would be effected
A
olfactory bulbs and tracts (cranial nerves one)
15
Q
the middle cranial fossa is made up of
A
sphenoid bone, temporal bone and parietal bone
16
Q
landmarks of the sphenoid bone
A
lesser wings, anterior clinoid process, greater wings, posterior clinoid process
17
Q
landmarks of temporal bone
A
petrous ridge
18
Q
the middle cranial fossa houses
A
temporal lobes and pituitary gland
19
Q
if there was damage to the middle cranial fossa what would be effected
A
sphenoid, temporal and parietal bones, potentially cranial nerves 1-6
20
Q
what foramen are present within the sphenoid bone of the midle crania fossa
A
optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen ovale and foramen rotundum, foramen spinosum and foramen lacerum
21
Q
all of the eye movement muscles are in what fissure
A
superior orbital fissure
22
Q
cranial nerve with 3 different branches emphasized is ____ and their names
A
trigeminal: ophthalmic maxillary and mandibular
23
Q
what is the first branch of the trigeminal nerve , aka
A
opthalmic branch
24
Q
the foramen spinosum houses which cranial nerve
A
none
25
the trigeminal nerve has how many branches
3
26
injury resulting in fragmenting bone blocking the foramen rotundum, what structure would be impacted
V2 or maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve
26
the posterior cranial fossa includes
brain stem and cerebellum
27
the posterior cranial fossa is made up of
occipital bone
28
the internal acoustic meatus include which cranial nerves
7 and 8
29
the jugular foramen includes which spinal nerves
9, 10 and 11
29
between each bones of the skull are
sutures containing dense connective tissue
30
the coronal suture runs
between frontal and parietal bones
31
sagittal suture is between
parietal bones , splitting left and right
32
the lamboid suture separates
the occipital from (rest of the skull) parietal and temporal bones
33
what are the regions of the brain
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, cerebellum, brainstem
34
the cerebrum is made up of
sulci and gyri
35
what are sulci
crevises
36
gyri
ridges
37
lobes of the cerebrum
frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
38
what are the most anterior and most posterior lobes of the brain
frontal and occipital
39
what is the structure that connects the left and right side of the brain, made up of what and
corpus callosum (white matter)
40
the sagirral suture aligns with
the sagittal fissure
41
frontal lobe borders
ventral sulcus (separating fron parietal lobe, and sylvian fissure separating from temporal lobe
42
frontal lobe on left side
broca's area
43
what is the most posterior aspect of the frontal lobe
primary motor cortex
44
frontal lobe has a huge influence on , giving the ability to produce
motor, speech
45
if speech is damaged what are of the brain is damaged
broca's
46
when you think frontal lobe thing
motor function
47
parietal lobe borders
Central sulcus, parieto-occipital sulcus
48
left side of the brain
dictates right side fx
49
temporal lobe contains
wernicke's area and primary auditory cortex
50
where is wernike's area
dominant hemisphere
51
w's area allows us to
hear/input language for understanding
52
if w's area is damaged
we are not able to comprehend language
53
what is receptive aphasia
able to speak but not comprehend
54
occipital lobe location and contains _____
posterior part with primary visual cortex.
55
vision and language when reading
occipital lobe
56
Cerebellum is responsible for
coordination, balance and where we are in spce
57
cerebellum is seperated from the cerebrum by
tentorium cerebelli
58
function of the brain stem
vital functions, breathing, heart rate, consciousness
59
parts of the brain stem
midbrain, pons medulla oblongata
60
what are meninges
3 layers that separate skull from the brain
61
cranial meninges go
superficial to deep
62
the epidural space contains ____ and supplies
middle meningeal artery and supplies dura with blood and nutrients
63
damage to the epidural (between bone and dura )space, specifically to the middle meningeal artery
epidural hematoma (on top of dura between skill and dura)
64
what is the most superficial of the cranial meninges
dura mater
65
dura mater number of layers
2, external is periosteal layer (because it lines the bone) and internal is internal meningeal layer
66
which cranial nerves innervate the dura mater
cranial nerves V and X
67
aracnoid mater is deep to
dura mater (both layers
68
spidural space is only there if
something has occupied it
69
function of arachnoid mater
contains arachnoid granulation (prominences protruding through the internal meningeal layer) , exchange of CSF
70
function of arachnoid granulation
transfer csf to venous system
71
contents of the subarachnoid space
cerebrospinal fluid housed here and arachnoid trabeculae
72
function of the pia mater
lines the brain
73
dural reflections provide
stability and
74
falx cerebri occupies what space
longitudinal fissure
75
the falx cerebri is on what plane
Sagittal splits cerebrum into L and R hemispheres
76
tenroriym crebelli occupies what space
between cerebrum and cerebellum
77
functions of dural venous sinuses
receive blood from the veins of cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem to remove deoxygenated blood and rid of waste products
78
where are dural venous sinuses found
between the two layers of the
79
name of the merging of sinuses and where
posterior of skull named confluence of sinuses
79
what interact with csf in sinuses
granulati
80
all veins of the dural venous sinuses drain into
internal jugular veins
81
how many deep and superficial dural venous sinuses
2 more superficial, one deeper
82
how many regions of circulation
2
82
beginning of posterior circulation for the blood supply to the brain
vertebral arteries, through transverse foramen of cervitcl spine, see through suboccipital triangle, in front of spine, combine with other side, to become baslar artery, into the skull, splits into left and right posterior cerebral arteries, conintuing toward anterior brain because they connect to the middle cerebral arteries (EMPHASIZED)
83
anything that connects to major vessels is gonna have what in the name
communicating
84
the middle cerebral arteries are connected to
posterior circulation vie
85
circle of willis
inferior portion of brain just anterior to spinal cord/brain stem
86
cranial nerves passing through the cavernous sinus
frist two branches of cranial nerve 5 (V1, V2, and III, IV and VI)
87
cavernous sinus syndrome
Refers to damage of structures passing through cavernous sinus
88
anterior cerebral artery provides blood to
anterior of brain
88
middle cerebrall artry provides blood flow to
most lateral regions of the brain
88
posterior cerebral artery provides blood to
provide blood flow to posterior / occuput
89
cause and result of depressed fracture
hard blow to head in thin area, bone depressed inward compressing brain
90
cause and result of comminuted fracture
several pieces
91
liner calvarial fracture
multiple spider webs, multiple line of force.
92
counter coup fracture
opposite side damage
93
basilar fracture
it may impact the csf in some way
94
what is an epidural hematoma and common cause
blow to the head
95
beginning stages of epidural hematoma
lucid period of time followed by drwosiness or coma
96
subdural hematoma area
between dura and where it meets the arachnoid layer, creating a space not normally there called the dura - arachnoid junction
97
what is a dura-arachnoid junction
creating a space that splits the internal meningeal layer and arachnoid mater, not normally there
98
hard blow to the head that jerks the brain
99
subdural hematoma is more of a _____ issue where as epidural is more a ___ issue
venous issue, arterial
100
subarachnoid hemmorrhage is due to
extravasted blood (arterial) into subarachnoid space
101
Pterion fracture location
thinner junction of 4 bones, commonly known as the temple, where middle meningeal artery passes,
102
pterion fracture can cause ____ due to
epidural hematoma, due thinness of skull and to proximity to middle meningeal artery
103
fontanelles
two openingt between bones of the skulls, sutures close completely in adulthood
104
which fontanelles close first
anterior
105
106
107
enlargements of spinal cord
cervical (C4and T1) lumbosacral
108
where does the spinal cord itself end and what is the name
L2, conus medullaris
109
what continues after spinal cord and what is the name
spinal nerves cauda equina
110
what is the filum terminale, passes to, and function
pia matter (inner layer of meninge) passing through the sacral hiatus to coccyx, anchoring the spine
111
pia mater function
cover spinal cord and brain
112
what helps attach pia mater to dura
113
the subarachnoid space contains
arachnoid trabeculae
114
denticulate ligaments attatch
pia to dura
115
anterior spinal artery runs
surface of spinal cord
116
are branches off
vertebral artery
117
are branches off
aorta
118
Batson's plexus function
drains spinal cord
119
anterior and posterior segmental medullary veins function, where are they housed and what helps them drain
drain system into intervertebral veins, in epidural space, based on gravity.
120
what area do you do a spinal tap
inferior to the conus medullaris (L3 to L4)
121
why is epidural placed so low and where exactly is is placed
allows you to get to the dura to coat it with out going inside , larger epidural space
122
causes of spinal nerve root level injuries
dermatomal
123
dermatome is always
sensory
