Bones Unit Test

Question 1

what are the five main functions of the skeleton

Answer 1

• support
• movement
• protection
• blood cell production
• mineral storage

Question 2

what is a hydrostatic skeleton?

Answer 2

consists of fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment (earthworm)

Question 3

what is an exoskeleton?

Answer 3

hard encasement on the outside of an animal (clam)

Question 4

what is an endoskeleton?

Answer 4

consists of hard supporting elements (bones) buried within the soft tissues of an animal (human)

Question 5

what is a long bone?

Answer 5

these bones (found in arms, legs, toes, and fingers) are strong shafts made of compact bone tissue. Their ends are large and consist of spongy tissue covered with compact tissue. They are slightly curved, enabling them to absorb shock.

Question 6

what are short bones?

Answer 6

shaped like irregular cubes, the short bones are spongy with a covering of compact tissue. The kneecap and the bones of the wrist are short bones.

Question 7

what are flat bone?

Answer 7

The skull, ribs, sternum, hips, and scapula are flat bones- bones with broad flat plates of spongy tissue sandwiched between two layers of compact tissue. Flat bones protect organs protect organs and are anchor points for muscles

Question 8

what are irregular bones?

Answer 8

These bones are irregularly shaped. The proportion of spongy to compact bone varies from bone to bone. The vertebrae and facial bones belong to this group. these bones help to support and protect the body.

Question 9

what is a sesamoid bone?

Answer 9

small bones embedded within certain tendons. they usually occur where tendons pass over the joint of a long bone such as the knee (patella)

Question 10

what are the three types of ribs

Answer 10

true vertebrae
false vertebrae
floating vertebrae

Question 11

what are true ribs?

Answer 11

attached by cartilage to the sternum

Question 12

what are false ribs?

Answer 12

attached ti the cartilage of the ribs above the vertebrae

Question 13

what are floating ribs?

Answer 13

not attached by cartilage in the front

Question 14

what are the five regions of the spinal column

Answer 14

cervical (7)
thoracic (12)
lumbar (5)
sacral (fused bone)
coccyx

Question 15

what is the spaces between the vertebrae called

Answer 15

intervertiebral disks

Question 16

what are the two parts of a vertebrae

Answer 16

atlas and axis

Question 17

what is an atlas

Answer 17

the atlas bone supports the skull and allows it to rock back and forth on these facets

Question 18

what is an axis

Answer 18

the axis bone allows movement of the head from side to side

Question 19

what is an articular facet?

Answer 19

where one vertebrae moves against the one above and below as well as attaches to the ribs

Question 20

what is the spinous process?

Answer 20

an attachment site for muscle to the spinal column

Question 21

what are the three regions of a long bone

Answer 21

proximal epiphysis
shaft
distal epiphysis

Question 22

what are the 6 parts of a bone

Answer 22

spongy (found at stressful regions)
periosteum (outer covering)
epiphyseal cartilage (in between spongy (growth plates)
Articular cartilage
bone marrow (in the middle)
compact bone (hard stuff)

Question 23

what are the two types of bone marrow

Answer 23

red and yellow

Question 24

what does yellow bone marrow do

Answer 24

makes and stores fat

appears as we age

Question 25

what does red bone marrow do

Answer 25

makes blood cells | high concentration at birth

Question 26

what are the four components of compact bone

Answer 26

canolicuci harversian canal lacunae matrix

Question 27

what are the organic components of bone?

Answer 27

oxygen hydrogen carbon

Question 28

what are the inorganic components of bone?

Answer 28

calcium | phosphate

Question 29

what are the four stages of repair of a bone fracture

Answer 29

hematoma fibrocartilaginous callus bony callus bone repair

Question 30

what is a simple fracture

Answer 30

bone is broke but skin is not punctured

Question 31

what is a compound fracture

Answer 31

broken bone cuts through skin

Question 32

what is a complete fracture

Answer 32

bone completely breaks in two

Question 33

what is an incomplete fracture

Answer 33

partial break

Question 34

what is a chip fracture

Answer 34

bone is chipped off at the end of a bone

Question 35

what is a greenstick fracture

Answer 35

bone broken on one side and bent on the other

Question 36

what is a comminuted fracture

Answer 36

bone is splintered or crushed into small pieces

Question 37

what is a spiral fracture

Answer 37

bone is broken by twisting

Question 38

what is an oblique fracture

Answer 38

bone is broke at 45 degrees

Question 39

what is a transverse fracture

Answer 39

broke is broken at 90 degrees

Question 40

what is ann impacted bone

Answer 40

bone is broken when one point is forcefully driven into another

Question 41

what is a compression fracture

Answer 41

and impacted fracture of the spine

Question 42

what is an avulsion fracture

Answer 42

piece of bone is broken off by sudden contraction of muscle

Question 43

what is a gliding joint

Answer 43

movement across each other (wrist and ankle)

Question 44

what is a hinge joint

Answer 44

movement in a single plane (like a door) (elbow and knee)

Question 45

what is a pivot joint

Answer 45

allows rotation (neck)

Question 46

what is a ball and socket joint

Answer 46

full range of motion (hip and shoulder)

Question 47

what is a saddle joint

Answer 47

2 movement joint combination of hinge and piviot

Question 48

what is a condyloid joint

Answer 48

ball and socket without the socket (knuckles)

Question 49

what is an example of a limited moveable joint

Answer 49

a vertebrae

Question 50

what is an example of an immoveable joint

Answer 50

the skull

Question 51

what are the three classifications of joints?

Answer 51

synarthrosis amphiathrosis diarthorsis

Question 52

what is a synarthrosis joint

Answer 52

fibrous, immoveable joint (skull)

Question 53

what is an amphiathrosis joint

Answer 53

cartilaginous joint, limited movement (ribs, spine)

Question 54

what is a diathesis joint

Answer 54

synovial joint, freely moveable (knee)

Question 55

what is a synovial joint made of

Answer 55

``` bone marrow cavity spongy bone synovial membrane synovial fluid articular cartilage articular capsule compact bone ```

Question 56

what is articular cartilage

Answer 56

shock absorber

Question 57

what is synovial fluid

Answer 57

lubricates and reduces friction

Question 58

what is synovial membrane

Answer 58

secretes synovial fluid

Question 59

what is articular capsule

Answer 59

membrane is a ligament lining the synovial membrane

Question 60

what are joint sprains

Answer 60

ligaments are stretched or torn

Question 61

what are cartilage injuries

Answer 61

tearing minicus in knee

Question 62

what is a dislocation

Answer 62

bones in a joint are forced out of normal position