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Diversity of life > Boney fish - Week 19 > Flashcards

Boney fish - Week 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Boney fish science name?

A

Osteichthyes

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2
Q

Osteichthyes are split into two groups what are they and what are their names?

A

Actinopterygii - ray-finned fishes

Sarcopterygii - Lobe finned fishes

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3
Q

What is in Sacropterygii?

A

Actinstia, Dipnoi, amphibia, reptilia, mammals

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4
Q

What is in ray-finned fishes?

A

Chondrostei, holstei, teleostei

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5
Q

Chondrostei characteristics?

A

secondary loss of bone cartilage
presence of spiracle
ganoid scale

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6
Q

Holostei characterists?

A

spiracles present
ossified
ganoid scales

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7
Q

Why are teleosts useful?

What is there medical importance?

A
  • Mulitple transitions between marine and fresh water
  • Model system for understanding speciation and adaption
  • Manipulate gene in zebra fish, then extrapolate to other taxa
  • easily manipulated eggs
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8
Q

What is the importance of swim bladders?

A
  • separates teleosts from other fish

- can adjust relative density, determining buoyancy

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9
Q

How do teleosts adjust bouyancy?

A

Change ml in swim bladder

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10
Q

Why swim bladders are open or closed (connected/ not connected)

A

Connect = fast moving

not connected = slow moving

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11
Q

Buoyancy pros and cons

A

Pro: energically efficient, reduces drag
con: not ‘free’, no rapid depth changes

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12
Q

What can modified sound bladders be used for?

A

Sound reception, weberian osicles

Sound production, sonic muscles

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13
Q

Teleost skeleton benefits?

A

Made of cartilage + Ca phosphate, bone can withstand higher force

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14
Q

Teleost muscles, red/ white?

A

Red muscle: more mitochondria, thin sheet muscle under skin, continuous aerobic swimming

White muscles: fibre run helically, anaerobic high speed ‘sprinting’

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15
Q

Four types of teleost locomotion?

A

Anguilliform, subcarangiform, carangiform, thunniform

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16
Q

Teleost tails used for?

A

Naturally buoyant, tail not needed for lift, homoerl tail for propulsion force

17
Q

Key fins to recognise:

A

medium fins = dorsal, anal, caudal, adipose

Pair fins = pelvic, pectorals

18
Q

Fins uses/ adaptations?

A

Sexual selection, lures, flying fish, gliding, generating lift, spines legs, bare weight for land walking, pelvic fins fused for sucked, protection/ prey capture venom

19
Q

What is a countercurrent system and why is it useful?

A

Enables more oxygen diffusion, o2 diffuses down pressure gradient
85% oxygen extracted

20
Q

What does diadromous mean?

A

able to change physiology between marine and fresh water

21
Q

What is a lateral line?
Superficial neuromasts?
Canal neuromasts?

A

Mechanoreceptive system, detect water movement

Detect changes to flow at the boundary layer

Detects pulses or water movement

22
Q

Lateral line evolution?

A

Causes head morphology change

Canel pore: morphology differs depending on food sources

23
Q

Boney fish jaws have what for:

Non teleost ray finned:

Teleosts:

A

Fused/ moveable maxilla and premacillia

Unfused moveable maxilla and premaxillia

24
Q

Advantages of protrusion jaw:

A
  • 25/50% distance increase
  • 40% attack velocity
  • Increased swallowing

Shape and structure of jaw matches the diet and teeth

25
Q

Boney fish reproduction (most are):

A
  • dioecious, two sexes
  • oviparous, egg laying
  • external fertilization
  • high fecundity, produce large number of eggs
26
Q

Teleosts sex changing?

A
  • some do sequential hermaphroditism
  • female to male, protogynous hermophroditism, dominate male controls
  • protandrous hermophroditism, dominate female controls
27
Q

What is a true hermaphrodite?

A

Ovaries + testies active in individual

28
Q

What is parthenogenesis?

A

Females only, unfertilised eggs, pseudo-fertilisation, sperm from another species, triggers embryogenesis

29
Q

Reproduction frequency meanings
Iteroparity:
Semelparity:

A
  • reproduce several times

- breed once then die

30
Q 
Migrations and their meanings:
Anadromous:
Potadromous:
Oceanodromous:
Catadromous:
A

Anadromous: marine to freshwater
Potadromous: entirely freshwater
Oceanodromous: Entirely marine environment
Catadromous: Fresh water to marine water

31
Q

European eel migration

A

europe - america - europe

leptocepalus - glass elver - pigmented elver - yellow eels - silver eels

32
Q

Coelacanths characterists:

A

Large fish (60kg +), fleshy fins, muscles outside body (like tetrapods)

33
Q

Dipnoi characteristics:

A

Powerful jaws, paired fins, central lobe w bone, lungs filled at surface, ventilation vary, survival to live in stagnant water, lungs possible pleiomorphic from gnathostomes

34
Q

What is aestivatoin?

A

state of dormancy or torpor during dry season, bite out mud, form mucus cocoon, breath thru mud tube, ventilate once an hour, survive 4/6 month

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