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RMT term 3, Yr 1 > Bony landmarks spine > Flashcards

Bony landmarks spine Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Vertebral column primary curves

A

Present at birth: Thoracic and Sacrococcygeal curves

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2
Q

Vertebral secondary curves

A

Develop as infants begin to lift their heads: Cervical and lumbar

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3
Q

C1 SP and name

A

Atlas, does NOT have Spinous process

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4
Q

Steel’s rule of thirds

A

Ant 1/3 Taken up by DENS
middle 1/3 Spinal cord
posterior 1/3 Empty space

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5
Q

C2 Name and landmark

A

Axis
DENS: projects superiorly through vertebral foramen of C1

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6
Q

C3-C6

A

Have bifid SP’s except C7

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7
Q

Orientation of C spine

A

Facets are orientated at 45 degrees to the horizontal plane

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8
Q

Orientation of Thoracic vertebra

A

60 degrees to the horizontal plane w slight lateral facing

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9
Q

Thoracic spinous process’s

A

Shaped like giraffes
Ribs come off the T vertebra

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10
Q

Ribs 2-10 articulation points

A

Ribs 2-10 corresponds to its own # and the disc, and one vertebral body above.

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11
Q

Atypical ribs

A

1,11,12
These ribs articulate ONLY w their own

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12
Q

Ribs 1-10

A

articulate w the transverses processes of the same level

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13
Q

Mamillary process on the superior articular process

A

Attachment point for multifidus

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14
Q

Orientation of Lumbar facets

A

Facets are almost directly in the sagittal plane in upper L-spine

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15
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

NOTE no disc between C1-2
Thinnest in thoracic region
Thickest in lumbar

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16
Q

Strongly attached to Post. longitudinal lig.
Weak to ant.

A

Intervertebral discs

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17
Q

Hyaline cartilage that covers vertebral bodies
seperates VB from disc

A

Cartilagenous plate

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18
Q

Outer aspect of disc

A

Annulus Fibrosis

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19
Q

Outer aspect of Annulus Fibrosis

A

Type 1 collagen, transitioning to type 2 as move inwards
Only the outer 1/3 is innervated

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20
Q

Disc weakest aspect

A

Posterolateral fibres, site for disc herniation

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21
Q

Inner aspect of jelly-like substance within the disc (type 2 collagen)

A

Nucleus Pulposus
key in shock absorption

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22
Q

Bulging of nucleus pulposus into annulus fibrosis but it remains in tact.
often symmetrical

A

Disc protrusion

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23
Q

Nucleus pulposus ruptures through some or all fibres of annulus
Usually asymmetrical

A

Disc herniation
Depending on degree of annulus tear: prolapse, extrusion or sequestration

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24
Q

IVF

A

Intervertebral Foramina

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25
True ribs
articulation with the sternum 1-7
26
False ribs
8-10, indirectly articulate to the sternum via costal cartilage
27
Floating ribs
11-12
28
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL)
runs anteriorly along adjacent vertebral bodies At lvl of C2 inferiorly to the sacrum loosely attached to IVDs
29
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL)
Runs posteriorly along adjacent vertebral bodies Strongly attached to IVDs C2 -> sacrum
30
Zygapophyseal (Facet) joints
Joint classification Non-axial plane synovial joints
31
Facet joint Capsule
Separate capsule surrounds each facet joint, increases joint stability by limiting motion
32
Ligamentum Nuchae
Present in C spine only Continuous w the supraspinous lig inf. (distal to C7)
33
Ligamentum Flavum
Relatively elastic Inferior continuation of the posterior atlanto-occiptal membrane
34
Interspinous Ligament
Connects neighbouring SPs
35
Supraspinous ligament
sits superficial to the tips of the SPs
36
Intertransverse ligament
Between neighbouring TVPs
37
Atlanto-occipital joint (C0-C1) Articular surfaces
Occipital condyles of occiput Superior articular facets of C1
38
Atlanto-occipital joint (C0-C1) Joint classification
Biaxial condyloid synovial joint Flex/ext roughly 20 degrees
39
Atlanto-occipital joint (C0-C1) Capsule
Seperate joint capsule surrounds R/L C0-C1 joints
40
Atlanto-axial joint (C1-C2)
Articulation w Dens: called the medial Atlanto-axial joint
41
Atlanto-axial joint (C1-C2) joint class
Facets: non-axial plane synovial Medial Atlanto-axial joint: uniaxial pivot synovial
42
Atlanto-axial joint (C1-C2) movements
Rotation: roughly 45 degrees BL Accounts aprox. 1/2 total Cervical rotation
43
Atlanto-axial joint (C1-C2) Capsule
Separate joint capsule surrounds R/L C1-C2 facet joints
44
Tectorial membrane
Continuation of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament distal to C2
45
Alar ligament
Hammock-like ligament which limits axial rotation & contralateral lateral flexion
46
Apical Ligament
Tip of dens to anterior foramen magnum
47
Costovertebral & Costotransverse joint (T1-12) classification
Joint class: non-axial plane synovial Mvmnts: Slight gliding motions
48
Costovertebral & Costotransverse joints Capsule
Costovertebral joints have separate capsule from transverse joints
49
Radiate Lig of HD of rib
Prevents posterior displacement of rib HD
50
Intra-articular Costovertebral ligs
Separates costovertebral joint cavity from costotransverse Holds rib to vertebrae intra-articular: intracapsular extra synovial
51
Superior costotransverse lig
Attaches TVP of vertebrae above to rib below
52
Sternocostal joint of rib 1 jiont classification
joint classification: amphiarthroitic (synchondrosis w hyaline cartilage)
53
Radiate sternocostal ligament
Strengthens the sternocostal joint anterior-posterior
54
Sternocostal joint of ribs 2-7 joint classification
Non-axial plane synovial Slight sliding motions during inspiration/expiration
55
What is the function of the radiate sternocostal ligament?
Support the joint capsule anteriorly
56
Intra-articular sternocostal ligaments
Within the joint cavity, add reinforcement and strength to the joint Strongly attaches manubrium to sternum
57
Costoxiphoid ligament
Reinforces costal cartilage of rib 7 where it articulates with xiphoid
58
Joint classification of Manubriosternal joint
Amphiarthrotic Fibrocartilagenous symphysis Slight movement during respiration.
59
Joint classification of the Xiphisternal joint
Synchondrosis ( hyaline cartilage ) Amphiarthrotic
60
Classification of the Costochondral joint
Synchondrosis ( hyaline cartilage ) Amphiarthrotic
61
Interchondral joint Classification and articulating surfaces
Non-axial plane synovial joint Costal cartilages of ribs 6-10 Except 9-10 held together by fibrous C/T thus not synovial
62
ALL is an inferior continuation of what membrane
Atlanto-occipital membrane
63
PLL is an inferior continuation of what membrane
the tectorial membrane as it exits the foramen magnum of occiput
64
The ALL/PLL run inferiorly from what to what?
C2 inferiorly to the Sacrum

RMT term 3, Yr 1 (3 decks)

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