Kinesiology of the spine

Question 1

Joint type of the facet joint of the spine and ribs

Answer 1

Nonaxial plane synovial

Question 2

Intervertebral disc joint type

Answer 2

ampthiaroidal symphysis

Question 3

First ligament to fail in hyperflexion

Answer 3

Supraspinous ligament

Question 4

what ligaments are the Primary limiter for flexion

Answer 4

Interspinous ligaments

Question 5

With facet deficiency which motion becomes painful?

Answer 5

Extension

Question 6

Vertebral endplates are first to fail before the disc, in what?

fracture type

Answer 6

Compression fracture

Question 7

What can lead to compression fractures?

Answer 7

Osteoporosis

Question 8

What is most resistant to torsion?

Answer 8

Annulus fibrosis

Question 9

what is shearing?

Answer 9

Translatory motion generally resisted by the disc and facet joints

Question 10

Unguarded shearing is a major contributer to

Answer 10

Low back Pain

Question 11

Bony contact limits what?

Answer 11

Extension

Question 12

Inter/supra spinous ligaments
ligamentum nuchae
and PLL limit what motion?

Answer 12

Flexion

Question 13

Lateral flexion is greatest in what?

Answer 13

Cervical spine followed by thoracic

Question 14

Lateral flexion is accompanied by what?

Answer 14

Rotation of the vertebral bodies

Question 15

With lateral flexion in the vertebral bodies, from what range is it accompanied with Ipsilateral rotation

Answer 15

C2-T6

Question 16

With lateral flexion in the vertebral bodies, from what range is it accompanied with contralateral rotation

Answer 16

T6-L5

Question 17

Rotation is accompanied with

Answer 17

Lateral flexion

Question 18

Cervical spine CPP

Answer 18

Full extension

Question 19

Cervical spine Capsular pattern

Answer 19

Lateral flexion > Rotation > extension

Question 20

Cervical spine Typical dislocation

Answer 20

Posterior dislocation of medial atlanto-axial joint
Note:rupture of ligament-> Down’s or prolonged corticosteroid use

Question 21

Movements of C spine (C2-C7)

Answer 21

Flexion: maximized at C5-C6
Extension: maximiazed at C4-C5
Lateral flexion: greatest in middle of C spine
Rotation: evenly distributed (Coupled with ipsilateral)

Question 22

Movements permitted: C0-C1

Answer 22

Flexion and extension (nodding “yes”)
slight lateral flexion

Question 23

Movements permitted: C1-C2

Answer 23

Rotation (main movement - “no” motion)
~50% of all cervical rotation occurs here
Slight flexion and extension (limited)

Question 24

Arthrokinematics of C0-C1

Answer 24

Convex on concave (opposite)
Occiput is convex, moving on concave atlas (C1)

Question 25

C1-C2 (DENS) articulating surfaces

Answer 25

Facets and the dens seperately

Question 26

C1-C2 Arthrokinematics

Answer 26

Concave atlas (C1) pivots around convex dens (C2), thus same direction

Question 27

Relevant movers of C-spine

Answer 27

Subocipitals as a group Note: major source for headaches Scalenes Longus colli and capitus Sternocleidomastoid Erector spinae: control eccentrically

Question 28

CPP of thoracic spine

Answer 28

Full extension

Question 29

Capsular patter of thoracic spine

Answer 29

Lateral flexion> rotation> extension

Question 30

Typical dislocation of thoracic spine

Answer 30

occurs with fracture. Usually T4-T7 (no specific direction)

Question 31

The ribs limit which movement?

Answer 31

Lateral flexion. Increases inferiorly with T-spine T1-6 : accompanied by ipsilateral rotation T7-12 : accompanied by contralateral roation

Question 32

Movement of ribs 1-7 (True Ribs)

Answer 32

Pump handle: axis is medial/lateral, sagittal plane

Question 33

Movement of ribs 7-10 (False Ribs)

Answer 33

Bucket handle: axis is anterior/posterior, roughly frontal plane

Question 34

Movement of ribs 11-12 (Floating Ribs)

Answer 34

Calliper motion: axis is superior/inferior, transverse plane

Question 35

Scoliosis

Answer 35

Dysfunction of T-spine Definition: Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. Has a secondary curve for compensation. Note: Can test if functional or structural

Question 36

Relevant movers of T-spine

Answer 36

Diaphragm intercostals scalenes (during forceful inhalation) abdominals erector spinae, and QL Pec minor, SCM and subclavius Pec major

Question 37

CPP of Lumbar spine

Answer 37

Full extension

Question 38

Capsular pattern of Lumbar spine

Answer 38

Lateral flexion> rotation> extension

Question 39

Typical dislocation of lumbar spine

Answer 39

Facets perch over one another, as with a spondylolisthesis (vertebrae slips out of place)

Question 40

Movements of Lumbar spine

Answer 40

Flexion and extension: increases inferiorly up to L5 then limited Lateral flexion and rotation: Decreases inferiorly with rotation largely coming from cartilaginous deformatoin of the discs

Question 41

What processes are distinct to the Lumbar spine?

Answer 41

mamillary processes: superior to articular processes

Question 42

Sacral nutation

Answer 42

Accompanies posterior tilt of the ipsilateral ilium during gait. (nutation forward)

Question 43

Counter nutation

Answer 43

Accompanies anterior tilt of the ipsilateral ilium during gait. (backward, tail down and forward)

Question 44

SI joint and pubic symphysis CPP

Answer 44

N/A

Question 45

SI joint and pubic symphysis capsular pattern

Answer 45

Pain on stress

Question 46

SI joint and pubic symphysis typical dislocation

Answer 46

uncommon, pelvic fracture with joint seperation are more common.

Question 47

Relative movers of the pelvis

Answer 47

QL: ipsilateral lateral flexion and hip hiking Abdominals: Flex the trunk, synergist to stabilize spine and pelvis Iliopsoas: contributes to lumbar compression Latissimus dorsi: contraction adds tension to the thoracolumbar fascia erector spinae: (note on different Card)

Question 48

Movers of the pelvis: what phenomena happens to the erectors spinae during flexion?

Answer 48

The erector spinae load eccentrically during forward flexion. phenomena where after past a certain amount of forward flexion, erectors stop eccentrically loading

Question 49

What position generates the most N force?

Answer 49

Prone, BL arms and legs are in extension. Generating roughly 6,000 N