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Univ Chem TH106 1:30-2:20 MTWF > Book Vocab > Flashcards

Book Vocab Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

crystalline

A

solid in which atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in patterns with long range, repeating order.

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2
Q

amorphous

A

solid in which atoms or molecules do not have any long-range order.

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3
Q

heterogeneous mixture

A

mixture in which the composition varies from one region to another

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4
Q

homogeneous mixture

A

mixture with the same composition

throughout

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5
Q

decanting

A

method of separating immiscible liquids by pouring the top layer into another container

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6
Q

distillation

A

The process by which mixtures of miscible liquids are separated by heating the mixture to boil off the more volatile liquid. The vaporized component is then recondensed and collected in a separate flask

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7
Q

volatiel

A

tending to vaporize easily

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8
Q

filtration

A

A procedure used to separate a mixture composed of an insoluble solid and a liquid by pouring it through filter paper or some other porous membrane or layer

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9
Q

intensive property

A

A property such as density that is independent of the amount of a given substance

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10
Q

extensive property

A

A property that depends on the amount of a given substance, such as mass

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11
Q

metal

A

A large class of elements that are generally good conductors of heat and electricity, lmalleable, ductile, lustrous, and tend to lose electrons during chemical change

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12
Q

non metal

A

A class of elements that tend to be poor conductors of heat and electricity and usually gain electrons during chemical reaction

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13
Q

metalloid

A

A category of elements found on the boundary between the metals and nonmetals of the periodic table, with properties intermediate between those of both groups; also called semimetals

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14
Q

semiconductor

A

A material with intermediate electrical conductivity that can be changed and controlled

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15
Q

main group elements

A

Those elements found in the s or p blocks of the periodic table, whose properties tend to be predictable based on their position in the table

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16
Q

transition elements

A

Those elements found in the d block of the periodic table whose properties tend to be less predictable based simply on their position in the table

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17
Q

family

A

A group of organic compounds with the same functional

group

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18
Q

noble gases

A

The group 8A elements, which are largely unreactive (inert) due to their stable filled p orbitals

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19
Q

alkali metals

A

Highly reactive metals in group 1A of the periodic table

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20
Q

alkaline earth metals

A

Fairly reactive metals in group 2A of the periodic table

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21
Q

halogens

A

Highly reactive nonmetals in group 7A of the periodic table

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22
Q

radioactivity

A

The state of those unstable atoms that emit subatomic particles or high energy electromagnetic radiation

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23
Q

nuclear theory

A

The theory that most of the atom’s mass and all of its positive charge is contained in a small, dense nucleus

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24
Q

atomic mass unit

A

A unit used to express the masses of atoms and subatomic particles, defined as 1>12 the mass of a carbon atom containing 6 protons and 6 neutrons

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25
atomic number
The number of protons in an atom; the atomic number defines the element
26
isotope
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons and consequently different masses
27
natural abundance
The relative percentage of a particular isotope in a naturally occurring sample with respect to other isotopes of the same element
28
mass number
The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
29
ion
An atom or molecule with a net charge caused by the loss or gain of electron
30
cation
A positively charged ion
31
anion
A negatively charged ion
32
chemical formula
a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction, a balanced equation contains equal numbers of atoms of each element on both sides in atoms and molecules
33
empirical formula
A chemical formula that shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in the compound
34
molecular formula
A chemical formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound
35
ball-and-stick mocel
A representation of the arrangement of atoms in a molecule that shows how the atoms are bonded to each other and the overall shape of the molecul
36
space filling molecular model
a representation of a molecule that shows how the atoms fill the space between them
37
binary compound
a compound that contains only two different elements
38
oxyanion
a polyatomic anion containing a nonmetal covalently bonded to one or more oxygen atoms
39
hydrate
an ionic compound that contains a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit
40
acid
A molecular compound that is able to donate an H+ ion ( proton) when dissolved in water, thereby increasing the concentration of H
41
binary acid
an acid composed of hydrogen and a nonmetal
42
oxyacid
an acid composed of hydrogen and oxyanion
43
formula mass
the average mass of a molecule of a compound in amu
44
mass spectrometry
a measure of the quantity of matter making up an object
45
mole
a unit defined as the amount of material containing 6.00*10^23 particles
46
polyatomic ion
a ion composed of two or more atoms
47
oxyanion
a polyatomic anion containing a nonmetal covalently bonded to one or more oxygen atoms
48
hydrate
an ionic compound that contains a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit
49
mass percent composition | mass percent
an element's percentage of the total mass of a compound containing the element
50
empirical formula molar mass
the sum of the masses of all the atoms in an empirical formula
51
combustion analysis
a method of obtaining empirical formulas for unknown compounds, especially those containing carbon and hydrogen by burning a sample of the compound in pure oxygen and analyzing the product of the combustion reaction
52
combustion reaction
a type of chemical reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen to form one or more oxygen containing compounds, the reaction often causes the evolution of heat and light in the form of flame
53
reactants
the starting substance of a chemical reaction, they appear to the left-hand side of the chemical equation
54
products
the substances produced in a chemical reaction, they appear on the right-hand of a chemical equation
55
barometer
an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
56
atmosphere
a unit of pressure based on the average pressure of air at sea level 1atm=101.325 Pa
57
pascal
the SI unit of pressure, defined as N/m^2
58
manometer
An instrument used to determine the pressure of a gaseous sample, consisting of a liquid-filled U-shaped tube with one end exposed to the ambient pressure and the other end connected to the sample
59
boyle's law
the law that states that volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure v=1/p
60
charles's law
the law that states that the volume of gas is directly proportional to its temperature v=T
61
ideal gas law
the law that combines the relationships of Boyle's and Charles's law, and Avogadro's law into one comprehensive equation of state with the proportionality constant R in the for ov PV=nRT
62
ideal gas constant
the proportionality constant of the ideal gas law, R, equal to 8.314J/mol * K or 0.08206 L * atm/mol * K
63
molar volume
the volume occupied by one mole of gas, the molar volume of an ideal gas at STP is 22.4L
64
standard temp and pressure STP
the conditions of T=0C and P = 1atm, used primarily in refrence to gas
65
partial pressure
the pressure due to any individual component in a gas mixture
66
dalton's law of partial pressure
the law stating that the sun of the partial pressures of the components in a gas mixture must equal the total pressure
67
mole fraction
the number of moles of a component in a mixture divided by the total number of molesl in the mixture
68
hypoxia
a physiological condition caused by low levels of oxygen, marked by dizziness, headache, shortness of breath, and eventually unconsciousness or even death in severe cases
69
vapor pressure
the partial pressure of a vapor in dynamic equilibrium with its liquid
70
energy
the capacity to do work
71
work
the result of a force acting through a distance
72
heat
the flow of energy caused by a temperature difference
73
kinetic energy
the energy associated with motion of an object
74
thermal energy
a type of kinetic energy associated with the temperature of an object, arising from the motion of individual atoms or molecules in the object
75
potential energy
the energy associated with the position or composition of an object
76
chemical energy
the energy associated with the relative positions of electrons and nuclei in atoms and molecules
77
law of conservation of energy
a law stating that energy can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction
78
system
in thermodynamics, the portion of the universe that is singled out for investigation
79
surroundings
in thermodynamics, everything in the universe that exists outside the system under investigation
80
joule
the SI unit for energy, equal to 1kg*m^2/s^2
81
calorie
a unit of energy defined as the amount of energy required to raise one gro=am of water 1C, equal to 4.184J
82
Calorie
shorthand notation for the kilocalorie or 1000 calories, also called the nutritional calorie, the unit of energy used on nutritional labels
83
kilowatt-hour
an energy unit used primarily to express large amounts of energy produced by the flow of electricity equal to 3.60*10^6J

Univ Chem TH106 1:30-2:20 MTWF (7 decks)

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