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**Book_Introduction to Peacebuilding Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some major types of peace approaches are targeted in PB programs?

A
  1. Negative peace
  2. Positive peace
  3. Non-western approach
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2
Q

What are the 4 main levels of peaces?

A

Frozen peace
Cold peace
Normal peace
Warm peace

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3
Q

What are the major sources of the armed conflict?

A 
Cultural factors
Ethnicity
Religion
Legacies of colonialism
Social/economic factors
Poverty
Inequality
Political system
Contemporary issues
Proliferation of small arms and light weapons
Environmental degradation
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4
Q

What are the major forms of violence?

A

Physical & psychological
Intended & Unintended
Manifest & Latent
Direct/Structural/Cultural

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5
Q

What are some examples of direct violence?

A 
Killing
War 
Extortion
Torture
Ethnic cleansing
Genocide
Rape
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6
Q

What are some examples of structural violence?

A

cultural, political, symbolic, and everyday violence.

Suppression of human rights
health, economic, gender, and racial disparities
Unequal access to opportunities/services (education/health/employment)
Institutional violence (military/police)
Exclusion of some religious/ethnic groups

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7
Q

Examples of Cultural violences?

A

Destruction or limiting the access of of Archaeological artifacts/ Art/ science/ media/ Education/ Religious/ Language

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8
Q

Summarize the historical developments of peacebuilding projects.

A

Starting from Post-cold war

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9
Q

What are the three approaches toward conflict and de-escalation of conflicts?

A

Conflict management
Conflict resolution
Conflict transformation

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10
Q

What is the core principle of conflict management?

A

Aims at containing violence and disruptive behaviour to the minimum. Also these strategies aim at separating warring parties, reduce hostilities, so that provide way to the delivery of humanitarian aid and initiate peace talks to end the conflict.

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11
Q

What are the main goals of peacekeeping missions?

A

Maintain law and order
Monitor ceasefire agreements
Protect relief and aid convoys
Propose programmes for disarming and demobilizing combatants

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12
Q

Who are the actors in peacekeeping missions?

A

State military forces

The UN and regional organizations

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13
Q

What is peacemaking?

A

Diplomatic efforts encouraging the warring parties to choose negotiation rather than violent conflict

The diplomatic process of bringing the sides of a conflict to a settlement

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14
Q

What are the 3 missions of peacebuilding?

A
  1. Altering the structural contradictions
  2. Improving relations between disputants
  3. Changing the individual attitudes and behavior
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15
Q

What are the two types of peacebuilding employed?

A
  1. Issues that emerge immediately after a ceasefire
    * *Demobilization of military forces
    * *Establishment of state authority
    * *Restoration of public services
    * *Refuge resettlement
  2. Once the war-torn society achieves a relatively stable level of peace,
    * *long term transformation of social structures
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16
Q

What are the 3 main activities of conflict prevention?

A
  1. Early warning
  2. Preventive Diplomacy
  3. Peacekeeping operations
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17
Q

What patterns or actions are observed for in “Early warning”?

A
  1. War and armed conflict/ violence
  2. State failure
  3. Human rights violations
  4. Genocide/ politicide
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18
Q

What are some methods included in the UN’s traditional preventive diplomacy?

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A
  1. Facilitating good offices for the secretary-general
  2. Dispatching envoys
  3. Organizing unofficial group of international leaders called “friends of the UN secretary”
19
Q

What are the 4 core elements of negotiation?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Board - setup
  2. Players- Actors
  3. Stakes - Issues
  4. Moves - tactics and strategies
20
Q

What are the major initiatives taken by international and local actors in the post-conflict recovery and reconstruction stage?

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A
  1. DDR
  2. Enhance human rights
  3. Provision of health services
  4. Interim security
  5. Economic rehabilitation and development
  6. Refugee resettlement and land transfer
  7. Transitional authorities
21
Q

What are the two key ideas applied in the political transition projects in post-conflict societies?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Power sharing

2. Autonomy acknowledgment

22
Q

What are the initiatives taken in the conflict transformation phase of peacebuilding?

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A
  1. Transform political, judicial, societal, and economic structures toward a positive co-existence.
  2. Community development
23
Q

What are the 4 groups of main actors involved in peacebuilding?

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A
  1. Intergovernmental organizations (The UN)
  2. Nation states
  3. Development and humanitarian organizations
  4. Civil society and private sector
24
Q

What are some examples of regional organizations that play key roles in peace negotiations?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. NATO
  2. ECOWAS- Economic Community of Western African states
  3. The role of EU and AU (African Union)
  4. ASEAN - Association of Southeast Asian nations
  5. ECOMOG - Economic Community of western African states
25
What is the downside of having regional hegemons in conflict resolution?
Sometimes these nations are more like to claim their territory, economic benefits, and natural resources or act partially to a faction to pursue national interests.
26
What are some example countries of regional hegemons?
Russia, US, China, India are global powers
27
What are the key features of the liberal peacebuilding?
1. Promotion of democracy 2. Market economy 3. Rule of law 4. Human rights 5. Security sector reform 6. Governence reform
28
What is the primary goal of political peacebuilding?
Free and fair elections
29
Except elections, what other areas of political peacebuilding are focused to improve?
``` Traditional associations Village leaderships Community based organizations (CBO) local non governmental organizations (NGO) Trade unions Youth associations ```
30
According to the UN, what is the most important factor determining the peace operations' success?
DDR | Reform of the police force
31
What are the goals of market economy programs in peacebuilding contexts?
1. Facilitate equitable movement of goods and services 2. Create a reward basis meritocracy. 3. Efficiency and ultimately connections to the global market.
32
What are the two key elements of peacebuilding projects which aim at nurturing the rule of law?
**make judicial decisions independent of political or military influence **to ensure that judicial systems are made more available to the less empowered and poorer members of the society.
33
Whati s th
34
What actions are taken to address the human rights violations during peacebuilding after a war?
Transitional justice programmes Truth and reconciliation committees or criminal courts are established to investigate human rights abuses.
35
What are some prerequisites for good governance reform in a post-war context?
``` Accountability Transparency Democracy Integrity Equity ```
36
What is the key idea of the concept of hybridity in peacebuilding, as a response to the criticisms in liberal peacebuilding model?
integrating the issue of local needs into Western conflict analysis and decision-making frameworks, and establishing and developing long-term projects for local empowerment.
37
What are some criticisms of the liberal peacebuilding model?
1. Poor coordination of aid agencies 2. Insufficient understanding of the local context social power structure The tension between power groups Cultural violence 3.Lack of appreciation for the local government system
38
What are some proposals as an alternative to the liberal democratic peacebuilding model?
1. Local ownership | 2. Hybridity
39
What are the 5 stages of conflict resolution?
1. Pre-talk 2. Peace negotiation 3. Peace Agreement 4. Endorsement 5. Implement
40
What are the main roles of external interveners during the pretalks?
are minimizing the technical barriers to negotiation by transmitting messages and information between the disputants, providing suitable locations/venues for talks, providing diplomatic incentives and pressures, and proposing the general rules for the negotiation.
41
What issues are discussed by the negotiators during the pre-talk?
The negotiators may discuss procedural issues related to the negotiation, such as logistics, the location for the talks, security during the negotiation, participants, the time frame, mediators, the topics to be discussed, goals, the number of representatives from the other side, the structure of the negotiation
42
What are the 4 crucial factors need to considered in the third party mediation ?
1. Ripeness - Timing 2. Strength 3. Spoiler 4. Neutrality and impartiality
43
What are the main steps peace negotiation is carried out?
1. Providing good offices 2. Building the rules of negotiation 3. Suggesting the contents and feasible targets of the negotiation 4. Transmission of information 5. Diplomatic incentives and pressure
44
What are the 4 distinct phases of post-conflict reconstruction?
1. Emergency relief 2. Rehabilitation phase 3. Reform and modernization phase 4. Peace consolidation phase

Peacebuilding (4 decks)

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