Booklet 7

Question 1

What functional group do carboxylic acids have?

Answer 1

-COOH

Question 2

What do carboxylic acids differ from their neighbour by?

Answer 2

CH2 unit

Question 3

What does CH3CH2CH2COOH stand for?

Answer 3

Butanoic acid

Question 4

What is CH3CH2COOH?

Answer 4

Propanoic acid

Question 5

What is CH3COOH?

Answer 5

Ethanoic acid

Question 6

What is HCOOH?

Answer 6

Methanoic acid

Question 7

What happens when carboxylic acids react with water?

Answer 7

They dissolve very easily. They have a partially ionic O-H bond which will partially react with water by partially dissociating to form a carboxylate ion.

Hydrogen ion is realeased

Question 8

What is the dissociation process called? And why?

Answer 8

Ionisation because ions are made

Question 9

What ph is the product when a carboxylic acid reacts with water?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

What kind of acids are carboxylic ones?

Answer 10

Weak acids

Question 11

What happens when a carboxylic acid reacts with carbonates ?

Answer 11

They will react with any compound containing carbonate to for a salt, C02 and water

Question 12

What happens when carboxylic acids react with alcohol ?

Answer 12

They react only when a small amount of concentrated H2S04 is present.
The water is removed from both reactants and remaining fragments combine together.

Question 13

What can the conc of H2S04 do in the reaction of carboxylic acid and alcohol and why?

Answer 13

Able to catalyse the reaction because it absorbs water strongly encouraging the reaction to proceed.

Question 14

What is the main Alchol used in the reaction with carboxylic acid?

Answer 14

Eyhylethanoate

Question 15

What is a polymer ?

Answer 15

Long molecule that has been made from smaller pieces called monomers

Question 16

What are the 4 types of monomers ?

Answer 16

Alkenes

Alcohol and carboxylic acids combined

Amino acids

Nucleotides

Question 17

What polymer is made from alkenes?

Answer 17

Addition polymers

Question 18

What are addition polymers used for?

Answer 18

Plastic bags, plastic chairs, carpets, crates, non stick coating on kitchenware

Question 19

What type of polymer is made from alchol and carboxylic acid?

Answer 19

Condensation polymers

Question 20

What are condensation polymers used for?

Answer 20

Nylon and polyester clothing, armoured jackets, fishing line

Question 21

What types of polymers are made from amino acids ?

Answer 21

Proteins

Question 22

What are amino acids used for?

Answer 22

Growth and repair of living things, enzymes, muscles

Question 23

What type of polymer is made from nucleotides ?

Answer 23

DNA

Question 24

What is the polymer DNA used for?

Answer 24

It defines the characteristics of all living things

Question 25

What are the two types of ways polymers can be?

Answer 25

Synthesised in Industery to produce objects we see around us Biological polymers , which are constructed inside the living cell

Question 26

Explain an addition polymerisation.

Answer 26

Small unsaturated alkene monomers have double bones which open up and attach to other monomers that also open up. Resulting in long saturated alkane chains containing only single bonds

Question 27

Describe condensation polymerisation

Answer 27

When monomers with a functional group at each end of the molecule, they then react and join together and lose a small molecule

Question 28

What is made in a result of condensation polymerisation

Answer 28

A polyester from many dicarboxylic acid monomers reacting with many dialcohol monomers

Question 29

What is a polyamide made from?

Answer 29

Many dicarboxylic acid monomers reacting with many monomers Amide link is formed which is stronger than the ester link in

Question 30

What are polyamides used for?

Answer 30

Body armour and fishing line

Question 31

Name 4 amino acids ?

Answer 31

Glycine Alanine Phenylalanine Asparagine

Question 32

Describe an amino acids as a monomer

Answer 32

A monomer that have a functional group at each end of the molecule

Question 33

What is the simplest amino acid?

Answer 33

Glycine

Question 34

What can glycine be polymerised to form?

Answer 34

Polyglycine

Question 35

When is an amide link formed ?

Answer 35

When one glycine molecule reacts with another

Question 36

What is the name of he polymer when many amino acids are joined together?

Answer 36

Polypetides

Question 37

What can a polypeptide go on to form?

Answer 37

Protein used for growth and repair of cells

Question 38

What is DNA responsible for?

Answer 38

Deciding which amino acids are joined together and in what order to for the proteins and enzymes that decide what should happen to the living cell

Question 39

What are the 4 DNA bases

Answer 39

G C A T

Question 40

What are two strands that are so long they wrap around each other called?

Answer 40

Double helix

Question 41

What are DNA, Starch and cellulose made from?

Answer 41

Glucose monomer units.

Question 42

What is a link in a line called ?

Answer 42

Starch

Question 43

What is a link in a diagonal called?

Answer 43

Cellulose