Bootcamp Chapter 9 Flashcards
(47 cards)
Differentiate between the cell walls of eubacteria and archaea.
Eubacteria - peptidoglycan (esters)
Archaea - lipids in cell wall are linked by ethers
Gram positive vs gram negative bacteria
Gram positive bacteria have a thick cell wall and thus will stain dark purple
Gram negative bacteria have a thin cell wall and will not stain; require a counterstain; will show up pink
The ___ ___ is located between the inner plasma membrane and outer membrane of gram___ bacteria. This same space is located in gram ____ bacteria, except it is located on the outside/
periplasmic space, negative, positive
T/F? Both gram positive and negative bacteria contain exotoxin.
TRUE
___ _____. are acidic polysaccharides that are found only in gram ____ bacteria.
What is its function?
Techoic acids, positive
connect cell wall to peptidoglycan to cell membrane; provides rigidity and structure
What prevents bacteria from drying out?
capsule
T/F? Both archaea and eubacteria lack histones and introns.
FALSE - archaea contain histones; only eubacteria lack them
What kind of protist do slime molds fall under?
Are they mobile?
What do they feed on? How do they do this?
fungus-like; keep in mind that their cell walls are NOT made of chitin
slime molds can be mobile; they contain cilia or flagella
Decaying matter (saprophytic), phagocytosis
Dinoflagellates, diatoms, and euglenoids are examples of what type of protist?
plant like protists
Animal like protists are (multicellular/unicellular) and (contain/do not contain) membrane bound organelles.
They are heterotrophic in nature, but tend to be _____ and feed off a host organism.
unicellular, contain,
parasitic
Hyphae
Long, branching filaments that extend out and form a network with nearby fungi
Mycelium
a bunch of hyphae combined together
What is the mode of metabolism for yeast and for molds?
yeast - facultative anaerobe
mold - aerobic
As the individual hyphae of a mycelium grow, a wall called a _____ forms inside them. This separate hyphae into different sections.
septa
If septa are not formed within a mycelium, the hyphae is one long and continuous tube of ____ cytoplasm called:
multinucleate, coenocytic hyphae
When would one see a coenocyte (a large multinucleate cell) in a fungi?
when fungal hyphae or Protista divides, but cytokinesis does not occur.
Filamentous fungi may reproduce _____ in good environmental conditions, and will undergo _____ reproduction in bad conditions.
asexually, sexually
Describe sexual reproduction of fungi.
two hyphae of a mycelium fuse their cytoplasm during plasmogamy to make a pronuclei (contains two haploid nuclei).
The pronuclei will fuse in karyogamy to make a single diploid cell.
Diploid will make a spore forming structure that will send out haploid spores through meiosis
Spores produced through sexual reproduction in fungi will be:
a) genetically different from the mycelium it originated from
b) genetically identical to the parent
c) genetically different from the hyphae it originated from
d) genetically distinct from the coenocyte
A
Lichen are fungi often paired with ____ or ______
algae or cyanobacteria
Phyla pneumonic within the kingdom Animalia
Privileged children play nicely and maturely, Arthur ensures cooperation
porifera cnidaria playhelminthes nematoda annelida mollusca arthropoda echinodermata chordata
The coelom will lie between what germ layers?
mesoderm and endoderm
In the pneumonic for kingdom Animalia, which are acoelomate?
everything before Nematoda - Porifera, cnidaria, plathelminthes
privileged children play nicely and maturely, Arthur ensures cooperation
Nematoda are considered ______
a) acoelomate
b) coelomate
c) pseudocoelomate
C
