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Bordeaux Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a 225 liter barrel called?

A

Barrique

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2
Q

Left bank Bordeaux blends are ______ dominated

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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3
Q

Right Bank Bordeaux blends are _______ dominated

A

Merlot

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4
Q

What’s important to note about Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Low yields, small berries, and thick skins provide intense raw materials

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5
Q

Dominant grape of Medoc

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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6
Q

Where is Cabernet Franc found in Bordeaux?

A

Both left and right bank

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7
Q

What does Cabernet Franc add to Bordeaux blends?

A

Aromatic lift

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8
Q

What is Cabernet Franc called on the right bank?

A

Bouschet

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9
Q

What is the most planted grape in Bordeaux?

A

Merlot

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10
Q

When is Merlot troublesome?

A

cooler vintages

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11
Q

What is Malbec called on the right bank?

A

Pressac

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12
Q

Why have Malbec plantings declined in Bordeaux

A

Susceptible to rot/coulure

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13
Q

What is important to note about Petit Verdot?

A

very minor; always in small percentage in blends

  • Deeply colored, tannic, acidic
  • Not easy to grow but adds a boost of structure/color
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14
Q

6 Red Varietals of Bordeaux

A 
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc
Malbec
Petit Verdot
Carmenere
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15
Q

Major White Varieties of Bordeaux

A

Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
Muscadelle

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16
Q

What does Sauvignon Blanc offer?

A

Fresher, fruitier results

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17
Q

What is Sauvignon Blanc susceptible to?

A

Noble Rot

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18
Q

What’s important to note about Semillon?

A
  • Neutral in youth; Rich & honeyed with age
  • Time it takes Semillon to develop flavor in bottle is roughtly equal to time Sauvignon Blanc takes to lose flavor
  • Highly susceptible to noble rot
  • Important for sweet winemakers
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19
Q

Important notes about muscadelle

A

Not related to Muscat
Aromatic & Perfumed
Used in dry/sweet wines

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20
Q

Why is it called Left Bank?

A

Refers to the part left of the Gironde Estuary

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21
Q

Major regions of Left Bank

A

Medoc
Graves
Sauternes-Barsac

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22
Q

What wines are made in the Left Bank?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon dominated reds

Sweet wines

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23
Q

What wines are grown in Medoc?

A

only red wines

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24
Q

What wines are made in Haut-Medoc AOC?

A

Only Red Wines, Generally higher quality

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25
What are the commune AOC of Haut Medoc?
``` Saint-Estephe Pauillac St Julien Margaux Moulis Listrac ```
26
What wines are grown in Graves?
Red & White Wines
27
What wines are made in Pessac-Leognan?
Red & White Wines
28
What's the main difference between Northern & Southern Graves?
Northern - more Gravel mounds | Southern - Higher proportion sand & clay; Less consistency of quality
29
Why and When was Pessac-Leognan AOC formed?
Because of the difference between North and South Graves - some historic, high quality producers near the town of Bordeaux requested their own appellation IN 1987, the request was granted Pessac and Leognan became Pessac-Leognan AOC
30
Where is Sauternais?
Bordeaux, Left Bank, Southern Graves
31
Sub-regions of Sauternais
Sauternes Barsac Cerons
32
What wines are made in Sauternais?
sweet wines
33
What's important to note about the climate of Sauternais?
Higher humidity, windy, and misty When the small and cooler Ciron River meets the larger, warmer Garonne, the region gets misty Favorable Botrytis conditions
34
Where are Loupiac and Ste. Croix-du-Mont?
Facing Sauternes on the other side of the Garonne
35
How do the sweet wines of Loupiac & Sainte Croix du Mont compare to Sauternais?
Lighter/Less Expensive
36
What style of wine is the majority of what is made in Entre-deux-mers?
Dry white wine
37
Subregions of Entre-deux-mers
``` Sainte-Croix-du-Mont Graves de Vaijres Sainte-foy Cotes du Bordeaux Bordeaux Haut Benauge Entre-deux-mers Haut Benauge Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux Cotes de Bordeaux Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux Saint Macaire Loupiac ```
38
Graves de Vayres
Entre Deux Mers Sweet + White + Red
39
Sainte-Foy Cotes de Bordeaux
Entre Deux Mers Sweet + White + Red
40
Bordeaux Haut-Benauge
Entre Deux Mers Sweet and Dry Whites
41
Entre Deux Mers Haut Benauge
Entre Deux Mers White
42
Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux
Entre Deux Mers Sweet
43
Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux
Entre Deux Mers Red
44
Cotes de Bordeaux
Entre Deux Mers Red
45
Cadillac
Entre Deux Mers Sweet
46
Cotes de Bordeaux Saint-Macaire
Sweet + Dry Whites
47
Loupiac
Entre Deux Mers Sweet
48
Sainte-Croix-du-Mont
Entre Deux Mers Sweet
49
What's important to note about the right bank?
Red wines only Merlot dominant Smaller estates Cooler soils
50
What are the communes of the Right Bank?
``` Saint Emilion Saint Emilion Grand Cru Pomerol Lalande-de-Pomerol Fronsac Canon-Fronsac Saint-Emilion Satellites (all AOC/AOP) - Montagne- St Emilion - Lussac - St. Emilion - Puisseguin-St. Emilion - St Georges- St. Emilion ```
51
What are the Cotes de Bordeaux?
Collective recognizable "brand" AOC Cotes de Bordeaux official since 2009
52
What terroirs are included in Cotes de Bordeaux?
Blaye, Cadillac, Castillon, Francs, and Saite-Foy
53
What are the 6 appellations of Cotes de Bordeaux?
``` Cotes de Bordeaux Blaye Cotes de Bordeaux Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux Castillon Cotes de Bordeaux Francs Cotes de Bordeaux Sainte Foy Cotes de Bordeaux ```
54
What was created to delimit and enforce France's wine appellation system?
Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO) 1935
55
When was the Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO) Created?
1935
56
What was the Appellation d'Origine Controlee System modeled after?
self-imposed guidelines in Chateauneuf-du-Pape
57
What does the AOC stipulate?
- Limits on yields - Vineyard density - Training/pruning techniques - Grape varietals - Methods of production - Minimum alcohol levels - Minimum must weights - geographical boundaries of each appellation
58
True/False: AOC must pass a tasting panel
True
59
When did INAO award the first AOCs?
1936
60
In 2015, approximately how many AOCs were there?
over 366 - wine /brandy | 44 agricultural products
61
What percent of French wines were released AOC?
Over 50%
62
What's the problem with the AOC?
it's become a bloated category and no longer one necessarily indicative of quality
63
What did the INAO become? | When?
L'Institut National de l'Origine et de la Qualite (kept former acronym of INAO) 2007
64
What changes were made to the INAO appellation system? When?
Brought in line with new EU standards/creation of Appellation d' Origine Protegee (AOP) 2009
65
What category do French AOPs fall within the EU?
Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)
66
What can a French wine be labeled as?
AOC/AOP - they are complementary - either may be used
67
AOC
Appellation d'Origine Controlee
68
AOP
Appellation d'Origine Protegee
69
What are the EU regulations on wine?
- only vitis vinifera | - all grapes must be exclusively sourced from - and resulting wine produced in - stated geographical area
70
What is the VDQS?
Vin Delimite de Qualite Superieure (VDQS or AOVDQS) It was created as a stepping stone to AOC
71
When was the VDQS created & eliminated?
1949; 2011
72
What happened to VDQS in 2011?
most advanced to full AOC/AOP status
73
How much of French wine production is regional wines?
One-third
74
What are regional wines released as?
Vin de Pays
75
What is VDP?
Vin de Pays - a less restrictive category of widely varying quality
76
What regulations are in place for VDP?
- controls added sulfur/total acidity - wines submitted to tasting panels - grapes sourced from within specified region - yields: 90 hl/ha for white; 85 hl/ha for red/rose; 100 hl/ha total output - minimum alcohol 9-10%
77
What other category may VDPs be labelled as?
Indication Geographique Protegee (IGP)
78
What corresponding EU category do VDP fall under?
PGI (Protected Geographic Indication)
79
PGI requirements
- must be vitis vinifera or hybrids | - minimum 85% sourced from geographical area
80
What are the levels of IGP zones?
regional, departmental, local
81
What is the lowest rung of French production?
Table wines (Vin de Table; Vin Ordinaires)
82
What changed in 2009 in regards to Table Wines?
Previously could not state varietal, vintage, or place of origin 2009 - category changed to Vin de France - vintage & Varietal may now appear
83
Why did the changes to table wines occur in 2009
to allow French wines to compete with New World varietal wines
84
What are the current French wine classifications from top to bottom?
Appellation d'Origine Controlee/Protegee (AOC/AOP) Vin de Pays/Indication Geographique Protegee (IGP) Vin de France (formerly Table wines)
85
Negociant
Buyers of fruit/wine in barrel that aged it in their own cellars before selling
86
Courtiers
Brokers of wine
87
En primeur
yearly offering of Bordeaux wines as futures
88
What is Clairet?
darker more aromatic style of rose that evokes the original claret wines shipped to England in the middle ages
89
Assemblage
Blend
90
encepagement
proportions of different grape varieties
91
Sparkling wine of Bordeaux
Cremant de Bordeaux AOP
92
Lesser known Bordeaux Whites
Max proportion 30% Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc, Colombard
93
Which of the following appellations is located within Graves? a) Pessac-Leognan b) Saint-Emilion c) Margaux d) Cornas e) St. Estephe
a) Pessac Leognan
94
Most common grape of dessert wine in Sauternes
Semillon
95
What grape is perfectly suited to well-drained gravelly soils?
Cabernet Sauvignon
96
Jalles
Drainage channels that prevent Medoc from reverting to Swamp lands
97
What's important about Haut Brion
Only non-Medoc property that was made a First Growth in the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux It's a First Growth from Graves
98
Who comissioned the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux?
Emperor Napoleon III
99
What is the main difference between Burgundy & Bordeaux classifications?
Burgundy - the land owns the status | Bordeaux - the producer owns the status - so a vineyard may be classified or declassified with ownership changes
100
When was Chateau Mouton-Rothschild elevated?
1973
101
What other designations mark chateaux of quality in Bordeaux
Cru Artisan | Cru Bourgeois
102
Cru Artisan
designation used for century and a half before formal recognization in 2002 It denotes the place as exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking without the financing or apparatus of large-scale operations
103
How many producers are Cru Artisan?
44
104
How small must Cru Artisan estates be?
smaller than 5 hectares
105
When is the Cru Artisans list reviewed?
every 10 years
106
Cru Bourgeois
an embattled classification originally introduced in 1932, it divided 444 properties into 3 categories: Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel, Cru Bourgeois Superieur, Cru Bourgeois
107
Chateau Palmer
Margaux | Third Growth
108
Chateau Valandraud
Saint Emillion | Premieres Grands Crus Classes
109
Chateau Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande
Pauillac | Second Growth
110
Chateau Desmirail
Margaux | Third Growth
111
Important Pomeral Producers
Petrus La Conseillante Entreprises Moueix
112
When is the Saint Emilion classification reviewed?
Every 10 years
113
Chateau Rauzan-Segla
Margaux | Second Growth
114
What moderates the Bordeaux climate?
Gulf stream
115
What is Remontage
Pump over - leads to increased extraction
116
St. Estephe Second Growths
Chateau Cos-D'Estournel | Chateau Montrose
117
When was the Saint-Emilion classification?
1955
118
What are the 5 first Growths?
``` Chateau Latour Chateau Haut-Brion Chateau Lafite - Rothschild Chateau Mouton - Rothschild (1973) Chateau Margau ```
119
Chateau Beau Sejour-Becot
Saint Emilion | Premiers Grands Crus Classes
120
Lafite Rothschild
Pauillac | First Growth
121
Chateau Rieussec
Sauternes First Growth
122
Chateau Mouton-Rothschild
Pauillac | First Growth
123
Margaux Second Growths
``` Chateau Montrose Chateau Brane-Cantenac Chateau Rauzan-Segla Chateau Rauzan-Gassies Chateau Dufort-Vivens Chateau Lascombes ```
124
Chateau Rauzan-Gassies
Margaux | Second Growth
125
What seperates Bordeaux from the Atlantic
Forets des Landes Landes forest
126
Chateau Gruaud-Larose
St. Julien | Second Growth
127
Petrus
Pomerol
128
What year was contested - Saint Emilion classification?
2006
129
Second Growths - Pauillac
Chateau Pichon Longueville Baron | Chateau Pichon LOngueville Comtesse de Lalande
130
Chateau Haut Brion
Graves | First Growth
131
What is important historically about Medoc?
It was marshland until the Dutch drained the land revealing fine gravel soil
132
Chateau Angelus
Saint Emilion | Premiers Grands Crus Classes A
133
Chateau Climens
Barsac First Growth
134
Chateaux La Tour Blanche
Sauternes First Growth
135
La Conseillante
Pomerol
136
Chateau Leoville Las Cases
St. Julien | Second Growth
137
Chateau Leoville Poyferre
St. Julien | Second Growth
138
When was the Saint-Emilion classification revised?
2012
139
When was the Graves classification?
1956
140
Why are most Bordeaux's a variety mix?
Combats humidity and provides consistency Early budding and ripening varieties (such as Merlot) are combined with later-budding and ripening varieties (such as Cabernet)
141
Chateau Ausone
Saint Emilion | Premiers Grands Crus Classes A
142
Chateau De Rayne-Vigneau
Sauternes First Growth
143
Sauternes & Barsac Premier Cru Superieur
Chateau d'Yquem
144
Sauternes and & Barsac First Growths
``` Coutet Climens La Tour Blanche Lafaurie-Peyraguey Clos Haut- Peyraguey de Rayne-Vigneale Suduiraut Guiraud Rieussec Rabaud-Promis Sigalas-Rabaust ```
145
What is En Primeur?
annual sale of Bordeaux wines as futures
146
Chateau Suduraut
Sauternes First Growth
147
What is the annual sale of Bordeaux wines as futures?
En Primeur
148
Chateau Durfort-Vivens
Margaux | Second Growth
149
Chateau Cos-D'Estournel
St Estephe | Second Growth
150
Pauillac First Growths
Chateau Lafite Rothschild Chateau Latour Chateau Mouton-Rothschild
151
Chateau Troplong Mondot
Saint Emilion | Premiers Grands Crus Classes
152
Chateau Trottevielle
Saint Emilion | Premiers Grands Crus Classes
153
Chateau Lafaurie - Peyraguey
Sauternes First Growth
154
Chateau Clos Haut-Peyraguey
Sauternes First Growth
155
Forets des Landes
Landes forest Seperates Bordeaux from the Atlantic/offers protection
156
What is a major factor in Bordeaux?
Humidity
157
Graves First Growths
Chateau Haut-Brion
158
Chateau Latour
Pauillac
159
Chateau Mouton-Rothschild
Pauillac
160
What kind of soil exists in the Right Bank?
more diverse Limestone/clay, water retentive, and cooler soils
161
How does humidity affect Bordeaux?
Brings disease, mildew, unsettled weather, and vintage variation
162
Approximately how many hectares of vines are in France?
900,000
163
What is Claret?
British name for Bordeaux red in the 1700s. Refers to a pale and light wine
164
Chateau Lascombes
Margaux | Second Growth
165
Chateau Margaux
Margaux
166
Chateau Haut Brion
Graves
167
What types of vine training are used in Bordeaux?
Cane pruned Guyot | Spur pruned Cordon
168
Chateau Montrose
St. Estephe | Second Growth
169
Chateau Brane-Cantenac
Margaux | Second Growth
170
Chateau Pichon Longueville Baron
Pauillac | Second Growth
171
Chateau Coutet
Barsac First Growth
172
Chateau Marquis d'Alesme Becker
Margaux | Third Growth
173
Chateau Beausejour
Saint Emilion | Premiers Grands Crus Classes
174
Chateau Giscours
Margaux | Third Growth
175
What are the highly regarded vintages for Bordeaux?
2000, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2015, 2016 (Yet to prove itself)
176
Lafite Rothschild
Pauillac
177
St Julien Second Growths
``` Chateau Leoville Las Cases Chateau Leoville Poyferre Chateau Leoville Barton Chateau Gruaud-Larose Chateau Ducru-Beaucaillou ```
178
Chateau Guiraud
Sauternes First Growth
179
Chateau La Lagune
Haut Medoc | Third Growth
180
Chateau Bel Air-Monange
Saint Emilion | Premiers Grand Crus Classes
181
Chateau Canon
Saint Emilion | Premiers Grands Crus Classes
182
Margaux Third Growths
``` Chateau Kirwan Chateau d' Issan Chateau Giscours Chateau Malescot-St-Exupery Chateau Cantenac-Brown Chateau Boyd Chateau Palmer Chateau Desmirail Chateau Ferriere Chateauc Merquis d'Alesme - Becker ```
183
What provides geographical boundaries to Bordeaux
The Gironde Estuary; meeting of the Garonne and Dordogne Rivers
184
What makes up the Gironde?
Garonne & Dordogne
185
Chateau Lagrange
St. Julien | Third Growth
186
Chateau Langoa Barton
St. Julien | Third Growth
187
Chateau Kirwan
Margaux | Third Growth
188
Chateau Malescot-St.-Exupery
Margaux | Third Growth
189
Chateau Rabaud-Promis
Sauternes First Growth
190
Chateau Sigalas-Rabaud
Sauternes First Growth
191
Latour
Pauillac | First Growth
192
Chateau Figeac
Saint Emilion | Premiers Grands Crus Classes
193
Chateau Ducru-Beaucaillou
St. Julien | Second Growth
194
What is used to combat mildew in Bordeaux?
Bouillie Bordelaise
195
St. Estephe Third Growths
Chateau Colon-Segur
196
When was the Medoc classification?
1855
197
What kind of soil is in Pomerol?
Iron Pan under sand and clay
198
When was the Mouton promotion?
1973
199
Chateau Boyd
Margaux | Third Growth
200
Chateau Calon-Segur
St. Estephe | Third Growth
201
Chateau Ferriere
Margaux | Third Growth
202
When was the concept of Chateaus developed in Bordeaux?
18th & 19th century - the golden age
203
Enterprises Moueix
Pomerol
204
Chateau Margaux
Margaux | First Growth
205
Chateau d'Issan
Margaux | Third Growth
206
Margaux First Growths
Chateau Margaux
207
What is Bouillie Borderlaise?
Sulphur based concoction for Mildew
208
Climate of Bordeaux
Maritime
209
What soil is common in the Left Bank (Medoc & Graves)?
Generally Gravel
210
St. Julien Third Growths
Chateau Lagrange | Chateau Langoa Barton
211
Saint Emilion Premiers Grans Crus Classes A
Chateau Cheval Blanc Chateau Pavie Chateau Ausone Chateau Angelus
212
Haut Medoc Third Growths
Chateau La Lagune
213
Chateau Larcis Ducasse La Mondotte
St. Emilion | Premiers Grands Crus Classes
214
Chateau d'Yquem
Premier Cru Superieur | Sauternes
215
Chateau Cheval Blanc
Saint Emilion | Premiers Grands Crus Classes A
216
Chateau Pavie
Saint Emilion | Premiers Grands Crus Classes A
217
Chateau Leoville Barton
St. Julien | Second Growth
218
Two Major rivers in Bordeaux
Garonne & Dordogne
219
Chateau Pavie Macquin
Saint Emilion | Premiers Grands Crus Classes
220
Chateau Canon la Gaffeliere
Saint Emilion | Premiers Grands Crus Classes
221
Clos Fourtet
Saint Emilion | Premiers Grands Crus Classes
222
Chateau la Gaffeliere
Saint Emilion | Premiers Grand Crus Classes
223
Chateau Cantenac Brown
Margaux | Third Growth
224
What kind of soil is present in Saint Emilion
Gravel, Limestone, Sand
225
Why are Bordeaux wines typically a variety mix?
Because of the struggles with viticulture -- Early budding and ripening varieties (such as Merlot) are combined with later-budding and ripening varieties (such as Cabernet Sauvignon)

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