Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FWS Exam > Bordeaux > Flashcards

Bordeaux Flashcards

(137 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Who was Chateau Ausone named after?

A

Ausonius, court favorite, scholar, poet and Bordeaux native

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was the role of England in developing Bordeaux?

A

Ties to English established a strong maritime trade in Bordeaux wine, and the city and region flourished as never before. This is through the marriage. Bordeaux became England’s vineyard. The maritime trade gave birth to a wealthy merchant class and heralded Bordeaux’s first Golden Age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How did France reclaimed Bordeaux and expelled the English?

A

The famous battle of Castillon in 1453.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was the role of the Dutch in developing Bordeaux?

A

After the Hundred Year war, the dutch wanted white wine to distill eau de vie and sweet whites, Bordeaux shift its production accordingly. This led to the second Golden Age. Dutch drained the Medoc peninsula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who is “father of the appellations d’origine controlee”?

A

Jean Capus, he separated Bordeaux into a network of 57 AOCs in 1935.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who triggered the 3rd golden age

A

Robert Parker, marketing influence, 1982 vintage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two UNESCO sites within Bordeaux region

A

The city of Bordeaux and the town of St Emilion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Bordeaux’s wine production in france?

A

25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Bordeaux’s climate?

A

maritime.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe Bordeaux’s climate in detail.

A

Rest on the Atlantic coast. Its Gulf stream warms and regulates temperatures. In addition, 2.5 m acres of pine forest provide a barrier to ocean winds and storms. Sufficient water, irrigation is not necessary nor legal. Riddled with a network of rivers that empty into the Gironde Estuary, keep the temperature both constant and moderate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does Entre-Deux-Mers mean?

A

Between the Two Seas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or Flase? Does Bordeaux have frost issue?

A

Yes. spring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When did Malbec lose 1/3 of its acrage?

A

The winter freeze of 1956. It was not replanted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the dominant grapes in white blends?

A

SB and Semillon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the typical red blend?

A

Merlot and Cab, then Cab Franc and a smattering of Malbec and Petit Verdot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The origin of the soil?

A

The last ice age and inter-glacier met left extensive river deposits and marine sediments across the entire Gironde. Its soils are primarily sedimentary, featuring gravel terraces interspersed with sand, silt and clay, plus both fresh-water and salt-water limestones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe warm soil

A

Gravel and Sand. They radiate heat back into the vine canopy and help to ripen the grapes by keeping the temperature above 10. Gravel yields wines with firm tannins and structure. Sandy soil yields more opulent, soft and fruit-forward wine with easy drinkability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe cold soil

A

Clay and limestone. They are dense and moisture-retaining, so they do not hasten the ripening process. Clay, iron-rich, produces wines with tell-tale notes of prune and English walnut. Limestone produces wines with pronounced acidity and lean, polished tannins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the total production of white varieties in Bordeaux?

A

12%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the total production of red varieties in Bordeaux?

A

88%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the main white varieties in Bordeaux?

A

Semillon (49%), Sauvignon Blanc (43%) and Muscadelle (6%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the main red varieties in Bordeaux?

A

Merlot (65%), Cab (23%), Cab Franc (10%). Minor ones: Malbec, petit verdot, carmenere (2%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What caused the stylistic change of white?

A

Used to be more mineral-driven. Later, it was realized that the copper-sulfate spray to combat molds and mildews were robbing SB of its aromatics. Today judicious and well-timed sprays have now effectively eliminated this problem. The new generation of SB is much more perfumed, via stainless steel fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the residual sugar requirement by law for Bordeaux semi sweet wine?

A

1.2-4.5 (12-45g/l)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the residual sugar requirment by law for Bordeaux sweet wine?
4.5% (+45g/l)
26
What is the main difference between Bordeaux reds compared to new world counterparts?
less fruit-driven, less alcoholic, less overtly oaked. often find expression in the finish which is often accented by graphite, cigar box, walnut and tea elements
27
What is Clairet wine
semi red, the same basic winemaking regimen as traditional red wine except its maceration is a relatively short 24-36 hours. made in saignee method
28
How long should you age Cremant?
9 months
29
What are the three sub regions in Bordeaux?
Left Bank, Right Bank, and Entre-Deux-Mers
30
What are the main area on Left Bank?
Medoc and Graves
31
What are the main characters of red blends on Left Bank?
gravel soil. The reds tend to be more firmly structured, they process significant amounts of tannin and are hallmarked by cassis, graphite, tobacco, cedar and sweet herb. Cab based blends
32
Which Bordeux region has the highest elevation?
Entre-Deux-Mers
33
What are the grape varietals for red and white blends in Entre-Deux-Mers?
Red: both merlot and Cb, White: SB
34
What is the soil type of right bank?
clay and limestone
35
What is the soil type of left bank?
gravel
36
What are the characters of red blends on right bank?
Merlot and Cab Franc. The wine tend to be more supply with soft plummy fruit. Limestone delivers wines of silky tannins and high acidity, iron rich clays will add a touch of walnut and prune.
37
What is the main difference between Bordeux AOC and Bordeux Superieur AOC?
lower maximum yield, higher alcohol levels. In addition, Superieur red wine must be aged for at least nine months and whites must fall into the moelleux (semi-sweet). There are no dry white Bordeaux Superieur.
38
What are the maximum yields for Bordeux AOC white, Superieur moelleux white, red, Superieus red?
4, 2,9, 3.6, 3.5
39
What are the alcohol levels for Bordeux AOC white, Superieur moelleux white, red, Superieus red?
10, 11, 10.5, 11
40
What are regional AOCs?
Bordeaux, Bordeaux Superieus, Bordeaux Chairet and Bordeaux Rose
41
What are samples of sub regional AOCs
Medoc, Haut-Medoc, Graves, Entre-Deux-Mers
42
What are samples of communal AOCs
Margaux, Pessac-Leognan, Sauternes, Barsac
43
True or Flase: Medoc region produces red wine only.
True
44
Name 8 AOCs in Medoc:
Medoc, St Estephe, Pauliac, St Julien, Listrac-Medoc, Moulis, Margaux, Haut-Medoc
45
How is Cremant made?
Can be white or rose, can range from Extra Brut to Doux. It takes the same two step process as Champagne (method traditionnelle) in order to capture the bubble in the bottle.
46
The difference between rose and clairet?
clairet is semi red, it is longer maceration 24-36 hours and rose is only a few hours. It uses "saignee" (bleeding the tank) method to elevate the skin to juice ratio in the remaining vat.
47
What AOC has wine with dusty cocoa like tannins?
Pauliac AOC
48
Which AOPC is considered the most "Californian" of Medoc communes?
St Julien, chocolate covered cherry fruit
49
Which AOC is considered most feminine and perfumed in all Medoc
Margaux
50
Which two AOCs have diverse soils in Medoc
Moulis and Listrac-Medoc. Have small pyrenees gravel, garonnais gravel and clay/limestone mix.
51
Which AOC has the highest point of elevation in Medoc
Listrac-Medoc
52
Where is the first vineyard in Bordeaux region planted?
Graves
53
Describe wine in Graves
white: sv and semillon blends. red: Cab driven as much as the soil allows (gravels). any red or dry white can be Graves AOV, semi-sweeet are given the Graves Superieures
54
What are the 6 AOCs in Graves?
Pessa-Leognan, Graves,Graves Supericures, Cerons, Barsac, Sauternes
55
What has a note worthy clover in finish
Pessac-Leognan AOC in
56
What are the sweet wine AOCs in Graves
Sauternes, Cerons, Barsac
57
How is botrytis developed in Graves
macro-climate that promotes the growth of botrytis cinerea. Mornings are web thanks to fog created by the Ciron River, when cool and foggy mornings are followed by dry, warm afternoon, botrytis cinerea develops and enables producers to craft honeyed dessert wine.
58
True or False: Only sweet wine are botled as Barsac AOC
True
59
True or Flase: Barsac is not part of Sauternes
False
60
What are the primary grapes of Entre-Deau-Mers
Red far outpaces white. White: Mostly SB, Red: Merlot and both Cabernet
61
The main wine production in Entre-Deux-Mers AOC and Entre-Deux-Mers-Haut-Benauge AOC
dry whites
62
The main wine production in Bordeaux-Haunt-Benauge
dry and semin sweet
63
What regions in Entre-Deux-Mers produce sweet wine?
Cadillac, Loupiac, and Saint Croix-du-Mont
64
What are the AOCs in Entre-Deux-Mers?
Graves de Vayres, Saint-Foy Bordeux, Entre-Deux-Mers, Bordeaux Haut-Benauge, Cadillac, Cadillac-Cote de Bordeux, Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux, Loupiac, Cote de Bordeaux St Mecaire, Saint Croix du Mont
65
Which AOC in Entre-Deux-Mers produce drey red, white and semi sweet white?
Saint Foy Bordeaux AOC, Grave de Vayres
66
Which AOCs produce dry white only in Entre-Deux-Mers
Entre-Deux-Mers and Entre-Deux-Mers Haunt Benarge
67
Which AOC produce red only in Entre-Deux-Mers
Cadlillac-Cote de Bordeux
68
Which AOCs produce semi sweet white?
Premieres Cote de Bordeaux
69
What are the primary red blend grape in Libournais
Merlot and Cab Franc
70
What are the 10 AOCs in Libournais
Fronsac, Canon-Fronsac, Pomerol, Lalande de Pomerol, Saint Emilion, St Emilion Grand Cru, Saint Georges Saint Emilion, Lussac-Saint-Emillion, Montagne-Saint-Emilion, Puisseguin-Saint-Emilion
71
Which AOC in Libournais has iron rich soil
Pomerol (also Lalande de Pomerol)
72
Which two AOCs are separated from the rest by Isle River in Libournais
Fronsac and Canon Fronsac
73
What are the characters of iron-rich Pomerol wine
english walnut, truffle, and prune (clay and gravel)
74
True and False: St Emilion and St Emilion Grand Cru cover different areas
False
75
What are the main difference between St Emilion and St Emilion Grand Cru
Grand Cru has stricter rules: lower yield, higher minimum alcohol, bottled at the chateau, undergo two tastings - before and after the mandatory one year period of aging.
76
What are the four satellites of St Emilion?
st george-st emilion, Lussac-St Emilion, MOntagne-St Emilion and Puisseguin-St Emilion More delicate structure
77
What does Cotes mean
coast/slope
78
Are all of the cotes on left bank or right bank?
right bank
79
What are the primary soil type of all Cotes?
clay and limestone
80
With the 2008 Vintage, what is the new AOC debuted by Bordelais?
Cote de Bordeaux
81
True or False: Cote de Bordeaux is dry red only
True
82
What are the 4 sub regional AOCs in Cote de Bordeaux
Blaye, Cadillac, Castillon, Francs
83
What are the principle reds permitted in Cote de Bordeaux
cab sauvigon, cab franc, malbec, merlot
84
What are the principle white permitted in Cote de Bordeaux
sauvignon blanc, sauvignon gris, semillon, muscadelle
85
What is the dominant grape for Cadillac Cote de Bordeaux
merlot dominanted
86
What is the classification of 1855?
The 1855 list places the top chateaux in Bordeaux in a ranking of first through fifth growths, this was a working document put together by the Union of Commercial Brokers and served as a reference guide. It was not meant as a classification. At the request of Napoleon III, it was at the Universal Exhibition where it was on display. Initially, 87 chateaux were ranked. (1 from pessa leognan, 26 from sauternes and barsac, and 60 from Medoc)
87
True or False: 1855 classification doesnt include any right bank or dry white
True
88
What is cru artisans?
small (2.5-12.5 acre) estates that are entirely responsible for their own production from vineyard to barrel to bottle. There are 50 in new (2006) classification
89
What is Graves classification?
ranked 16 properties in 1953 then 1959. All wines ranked fall within the Pessac-Leognan AOC and are entitled to "Grand Cru Classe de Graves" (can be included in label). 6 for red/white, 3 for white and 7 for red
90
What is St Emilion classification
1955, the only region on the right bank with a classification system. 2006 revision was declared invalid but six properties got to keep the grand cru classe status. 4 Premiers Grands Crus A(Ausone Cheval Blanc), 14 P for B level and 64for Grands Crus Classes - 2019 classification
91
Describe the wine trade in Bordeaux?
About 70% of Bordeaux wine is sold through a network of 300 wine traders. Wines are sold on the future market, pre-sold while still in barrel. The initial asking price is intended to be significantly lower than its final release price,. The Chateaus sell off the remaining wine in stages (tranches). 58% of Bordeaux wine are consumed in France, the exported wine tend to be high end. 36 co-ops and 4 co-op unions, 41% of growers belong to one of the organizations. Collectively, the co-ops bottle 25% of Bordeaux harvest each year.
92
What is the optimal conditions for wine cellaring?
50-60F and 65-75% humidity, on the side, devoid of ultraviolet light and vibration
93
True or False: Cooler cellars result in complex aromas and flavors.
True
94
Which grape has indian spice?
Camerene
95
What is the number 1 red grape?
Merlot
96
What are the primary red grapes?
Merlot and Cab
97
What are the primary white grapes?
Semillon and SB
98
What is the hundred years war?
King Edward III of England refused to pay personal homage to Philip of Valois , King of France.
99
True or False: Blending is mandated in Bordeaux
False.
100
What are the other names for Malbec?
cot, Noir de Pressac
101
What are the style of Cremant and sweetness level?
White or Rose, 9 months of ageing sur lie, can be from Extra Brut to Doux
102
Where is the left bank?
West of the Gironde Estuary and Garonne River
103
Where is Entre-Deux-Mers?
The island of vines sandwiched between the Garonne and the Dordogne Rivers
104
What is the soil at St Emilion and St Emilion Grand Cru
limestone and clay
105
What are the two pockets island of Pomerol soil within St Emillion
Ch. Figuec and Ch. Cheval Blanc. some wines demonstrate high acid and polished tannins (limestone) others fruit forward (sandstone), still mirror a Pomerol flavor profile (iron rich clay and gravel)
106
Which subregion of Cotes de Bordeaux AOC allows liquoreux whites?
Francs - Cote de Bordeaux
107
Which subregions of Cotes de Bordeaux AOC allow dry red only?
Cadillac- Cotes de Bordeaux and Castillon-Cotes de Bordeaux
108
Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux AOC
moelleux, semi sweet white. Semillon dominates
109
Blaye AOC, Blaye -Cites de Bordeau Blanc AOC, Blaye-Cotes De Boardeaux Rouge AOC, cotes de Blaye AOC
red only (cab dominates), dry white(SB), red (merlot based), Colombard/Ugni blanc
110
Francs-Cotes de Bordeaux AOC
Cab Franc is well represented (limestone soil), but merlot still dominates the blend
111
Castillon-Cotes de Bordeaux AOC
Merlot dominates
112
Bourg AOC & Cotes de Bour AOC
red and dry white. a combo of silt, sand, clay, and limestone soil. The dominant red is Merlot
113
Cotes de Bordeaux- Saint-Macaire AOC
dry, semi sweet, and sweet whites
114
What is the main IGP in Bordeaux?
Atlantique IGP
115
What are the 3 categorieis for classification for sweet wines
Premieur Cru Superieur, Premier Cru and Deuxieme Cru
116
What is Cru Bourgeois
Intended as a classification system but remained as a syndicate. It was represented by a member organization: the Alliance des Crus Bourgeois. Members need to abide by certain grape growing and winemaking practices above and beyond AOC regulations. They also need the nod of their peers.
117
St Emilion Grand Cru vs St Emilion Grand Cru Classe
the former is AOC, the latter is classification. A wine that achieve classie needs to be a Grand Cru AOC first.
118
how to decant older wine with sediment
1. bring the bottle upright 2) stand for 30 mins 3) pop the cork , gently pour the wine into decanter, position above a light source to avoid sediment 4) very old wine, serve immediately
119
How to decant yooung wine
doesn't require gentle handling because of no sediment. pop the cork and pour the wine into the decanter with some aggressive splashing, swirl it a time or two while in the decanter
120
Cabernet Sauvignon is a cross between:
Sauvignon Blanc and Cabernet Franc
121
What are the three secondary red grape varieties in Bordeaux?
Malbec, Petit Verdot and Carmenère
122
What are the main soil types of Bordeaux's Right Bank?
clay and limestone
123
What are the three principal rivers of Bordeaux?
Gironde, Garonne, Dordogne
124
What is the primary grape of Entre-Deux-Mers?
SB
125
What is "Les Landes"?
A man-made forest separating Bordeaux from the ocean.
126
What three Bordeaux winegrowing areas were included in the 1855 Classification?
Médoc (60 châteaux), Péssac-Leognan (1 château) and Sauternes (26 châteaux)
127
What Bordeaux AOC produces dry whites mainly from Colombard?
Côtes de Blaye AOC
128
What style of wine is produced in the Libournais?
All 10 Libournais AOCs are for dry reds only
129
What defines the term "Petit Château"?
"Petit Château" is an unofficial term for an unclassified property in the Bordeaux region
130
Why is Graves suited for sweet wine production?
Damp, foggy mornings followed by warm dry afternoons promote noble rot
131
What did the 1953 Graves Classification rank?
The wines of 16 estates, rather than the estates themselves
132
What contribution did the Dutch make to Bordeaux winemaking in the 1600s?
They drained the Médoc peninsula in order to grow grapes for sweet white table wine and for wine to distill into eau de vie
133
How are reds from Entre-Deux-Mers labeled?
Bordeaux AOC" or "Bordeaux Supérieur AOC"
134
What moderates Bordeaux's climate?
The Gulf Stream, Les Landes, and the network of rivers
135
What style of wine is made under the Entre-Deux-Mers AOC
The Entre-Deux-Mers AOC is for dry white wines only
136
What estate is the only Premier Cru Supérieur of the 1855 classification?
Château d'Yquem
137
A semi-sweet wine from Graves must labeled as:
Graves Supérieures AOC"

FWS Exam (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions