Languedoc Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
What does Languedoc region mean?
A
references the “langue d’Oi” or the “language of Oc”. Oi in this language means “yes”
2
Q
Who founded Marseille?
A
Phocaeans (600BC)
3
Q
What is Via Domitia?
A
The Romans arrived in 125BC and built the first road in France called Via Domitia
4
Q
What is the triangle that enables cargo to pass from sea to river to land and vice vesa?
A
Narbo (southwest of Montpellier), the Aude River and the Mediterranean
5
Q
Why did wine trade was stymied in Languedoc-Rousiilon?
A
Under the edict of Domitius, wanted to protect local Roman produce and good.
6
Q
What is mutage?
A
A process of adding spirit to must to obtain a stable sweet wine, 400 years before “port” was created. By Arnaud de Villeneuve
7
Q
Why is Montpellier important?
A
It is considered part of the Argon Empire , in 1289, the University of Montpellier was officially established by the Roman Catholic Church
8
Q
Canal de Midi
A
The stretch that connects the Mediterranean port of Sete to the Caronne River in Toulouse. The Caronne then flowed to the Port of Bordeaux and the Gironde Estuary, and from there to the Atlantic. The second half of the canel paralled the Garonne and eliminated river travel altogether. It was named UNESCO World Heritage site.
9
Q
who is the Languedoc’s prime trading partner during the 17th century?
A
the Dutch
10
Q
What did the second canal connect?
A
Toulouse to the city of Castets, parallel to the Caroone
11
Q
What caused the quadruple production of Languedoc wine ?
A
The opening of the French Railway between Paris, Lyon and Marseille in 1855
12
Q
Which wine region was the first of French wine regions to be replanted on american rootstocks after phylloxera?
A
Languedoc
13
Q
What is vin de table?
A
A business model that allow small growers to cooperatively use a member owned winery for production purpose. Happened around 1930.
14
Q
Where is the first French wine co-op created?
A
- in Maraussan near Montpellier
15
Q
What style of wine production constitutes the largest wine production in Langeudoc?
A
co-operatives. 65%
16
Q
What is the largest winemaking region in southern France?
A
Languedoc-Roussilon
17
Q
What is Vins de Pays
A
Created in 1968, as a way to allow wine producer the flexibility to experiment outside the relatively restrictive structure. Lanueduc-Roussilon embraced this more than other wine regions.
18
Q
What did Vins de Pays d’Oc enable?
A
Because of the union between Languedoc and Rousillion, Vins de Pays d’Oc and Languedoc AOC can incorporate grapes from both Languedoc and Roussillon.
19
Q
What constitutes the main wine production in Languedoc-Roussillon? IGP or AOC
A
IGP
20
Q
Tell about the wine production figures among AOC, IGP and Vins Sans IG
A
AOC (19%), IGP (68%) and Vins Sans IG (13%)
21
Q
What is France’s largest wine export?
A
IGP Pays d’Oc
22
Q
What is the largest wine classfication for Languedoc?
A
IPG Pays d’Oc, three times the volume of the Languedoc AOC
23
Q
What does IGP stand for?
A
Indication Geographique Protegee
24
Q
True or False: Vins De Pays is the same as IPG
A
True. Vins de Pays was the original name, changed to IGP in 2009.
25
What are the four French departments in Languedoc?
North to South: Lozere, Gard, Herault, and Aude
26
Where do you find the more concentrated wines in Languedoc?
more mountainous area
27
Describe Languedoc's climate?
1. mild winter and hot dry summer 2. rainfall can be violet that can flood the parched landscape 3. the strong northern wind balance with the unwanted moisture from the sea
28
What are the three different topographical zones for Languedoc?
the coastal plains, hillsides and mountains , and the Atlantic corridor
29
Describe the coastal plain zone for Languedoc?
flat, low lying and fertile, the alluvial plains are where the highest yield situated. entry level IGP
30
Describe the mountain and hillside zone for Languedoc?
elevation up to 1320 plus a wide variety of mesoclimates. The mountain traps both heat and sun, providing cooling current during the evening, also blocks rain and cloud
31
Atlantic Corridor
The western extremity of the Languedoc, where the Atlantic and Mediterranean forces meet. Bordeaux varieties are planted alongside their Mediterranean counterparts.
32
Limoux
Southern extremity of the Atlantic Corridor. famous for white and sparkling wine because the atlantic breezes
33
Describe the soil of Languedoc
1. complex of both young and ancient, with plenty of rocks. 2. Mountain slopes tend to be stony shale and limestone. ancient soil. 3. Garrigue is known on the limestone soil. 4. lowland plains are fertile. with younger sedimentary and/or alluvial soils. fruity wine.
34
Garrigue in Languedoc
a type of soil on limestone that is so poor that they can only support resinous herbs. They deliver both red/white wines with high acidity and red wine with polished tannins.
35
What are the white AOC grapes?
Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris, Bourboulenc, Clairette, Piquepoul Blanc, Rolle, Marsanne, Viognier, Roussanne, Maccabeu, Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc, Mauzac Blanc, Chardonnary, Chenin Blanc
36
What are the red AOC grape?
Grenache Noir, Carignan, Mourvedre, Syrah, Cinsault, Fer Servadou, Lladoner Pelut, Piquepoul Noir, Terret Noir, Aspiran, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cab France, Merlot Malbec, Pinot Noir
37
True or False: all varieties are permitted in AOC and IGP for Languedoc. Red, white and rose
True
38
True or False: Carmenere is allowed in Languedoc's AOC red
False
39
What is the synonyms for Cot
Malbec
40
41
What is the synonyms for Ugni Blanc?
Trebbiano
42
What is the synonym for Rolle?
Vermentino
43
Non varietally labled wines must consist of what percentage of primary grapes?
50%
44
What is the rule for single cepage wine in Languedoc?
45
When can wine be labelled with several grape varieties in Lnaguedoc?
If they are principal grape and each constitute at least 15%
46
Can white grapes be incorporated into red and rose in Languedoc?
yes, if red/white varieties are fermented togetyher and white is less than 20%
47
AOC Languedoc dominate red wine grapes?
Grenache Noir, Lladoner Pelut, Syrah, Mourvedre (mini 50%), Cinsault, Carigan (max 40%)
48
AOC Languedoc dominate white grapes
Bourboulenc, Grenach Blanc, Roussanne, Marsanne, Rolle, Clairette, Picpoul
49
True or False: AOC Languedoc can not include fruite from Roussilon.
false
50
True or False: Wine from AOC Languedoc have to be blends of at least two grapes
True
51
How many districts under AOC Languedoc?
12
52
What does DGC stand for?
Denominations Geographiques Complementaires
53
True or False: If DCG is added as a prefix to AOC Languedoc, then all fruit must hail from the named zone of production
True
54
Does AOC Languedoc allow all three types of wine?
Yes
55
What is the wine produced in Clairette De Languedoc AOC?
White
56
What is the grape for Clairette de Languedoc AOC?
Clairette
57
What is the soil type for Clairette De Languedoc AOC?
Limestone with some quartx and schist in the north
58
What are the two olest still wine AOCs in Languedoc?
Clairette de Languedoc AOC and Fitou AOC
59
What are the two AOCs in Languedoc that produce white wine only?
Clairette de Languedoc and Picpoul de Pinet
60
Describe the type of wine, soil and grape for Picpoul de Pinet AOC in Languedoc?
White, limestone, Picpoul
61
Describe style, soil and primary grapes for Faugeres-Cru AOC in Languedoc?
Style: red (85%), Rose (13%) and white (2%)
Soil: schist
Red: syrah, Grenache, Mourvedre, Carigan and Cinsult
White: Grenache Blanc, Roussanne, Marsanne, Vermentino, Bouboulenc, Clairette and Viognier
62
Describe style, soil and grapes for Saint Chinian AOC in Languedoc?
Style: red (83%), rose (13%) white (4%)
Soil: schist (north), clay/limestone (south)
Red: Grenache, syrah, Mourvedre, Lladoner Pelut, Carignan, Cinsault
White: Grenache blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Vermentino
63
What are the two Crus found in Saint Chinian?
Berlou and Roquebrun
64
What is the style, soil and grapes for Terrasses de Larzac AOC?
red
clay, stone, iron rich reddish clay (ruffe) and lime stone from the Causse de Larzac
Syrah, Grenache, Mourvedre, Carignan, Cinsault
low yields
high diurnal
65
What are the style, soil and grapes for Minervois AOC in Languedoc?
red (94%), white (2%) and rose (4%)
soil: clay, limestone, some sandstone, marble and schist
Red: Syrah, Grenache, Mourvedre, Carignan, Cinsault, Terret, Aspiran, Piquepoul
White: Marsanne, Rousanne, Maccabeu, Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Vermentino, Muscat a Petits Grains
66
What are the style, soil and grapes for Corbieres AOC in Languedoc?
red(95%), rose(3%), white (2%)
soil: predominantly limestone with schist, red clays, galets and marl
Red: Carignan, Grenache, Mourvedre, Syrah, Lladoner Pelut, Cinsault,
White: Grenache blanc, Bouboulenc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Vermentino, Clairette, Teret, Muscat
the biggest, non regional appellation in the Languedoc
4th largest in France
67
What are the style, soil and grapes for Fitou AOC?
red
clay/limestone(Maritime region), Limestone/Sandstone(Haut Fitou)
Carignan/Grenache (min 60%), Syrah and Mourvedre
68
What are the style, soil and grape for La Clape-Cru AOC?
Red (90%), white (10%)
Soil: mostly limestone with some sandstone and red iron rish soils
Red: Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre, Carignan and Cinsault
White: Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Piepoul, Rolle
One of the most beautiful yet hostile location for growing grapes
Massif de la Clape - a limestone outcrop
one of the hhighest quality appellations
69
70
What are the style, soil and grapes for Cabardes AOC?
Red (90%) and rose (10%)
soils: limestone, with granite and gneiss on the higher slopes
Grapes: merlot, cabernet sauvignon, cab franc, syrah, grenache, Cot, Fer Servadou, Cinsulat
71
Tie or "honorable draw" in Languedoc
Cooler Atlantic breezers meet the more temperate humid windes of the Mediterranean. They blow alternatively in an evenly didivded struggle. In Cabardes AOC
72
What is the only AOC in Languec where "tie"/"honorable draw" reflects?
Cabardres AOC
73
What is the style, soil and grape for Malepere AOC?
Red (70%) and Rose (30%)
soil: clay/Limestone
Grape: Merlot, Cot, Cab France, Cab Sauvignon, Grenache, and Consult
Rose must be 50% of Cab Franc
74
What is the most westeerly appellation of the Languedoc ?
Malepere AOC
75
What is the major red grape for Malepere AOC in Languedoc?
Merlot (min 50%)
76
What is the style, soil and grape for Limoux AOC?
Red, white and sparkling
soil: limestone interpresed with sandstone, quartz and claz
Red: Merlot, Cot, Cab, Cab France, Grenache, Syrah and Carignan
White and sparkling: Mauzac, Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay
77
True or False: Pinot Noir is permitted for Crement de Limoux and AOC
False. Only permitted for Cremant de Limoux sparkling, not for red blend.
78
What is the southernmost of the "Atlantic Corridor" in Languedoc?
Limoux AOC
79
80
What is the style and grape for Blanquette de Limoux AOC in Languedoc?
90% Mauzac, up to 10% Chenin Blanc and Chardonnay
81
What is the main grape for Blanquette de Limoux AOC?
Mauzac
82
What is the other name for Mauzac
Blanquette
83
What is the history of Blanquette de Limoux?
is the oldest sparkling wine in the world. The wines are aged 9 months sur lie and are made in either brut or demi-sec style. by the monks at the abbey in Saint-Hilaire.
84
What is the style, soil and grapes for Crement de Limoux AOC?
Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Mauzac and/or Pinot Noir
Crement undergoes a minimum of 12 months aging sur lie.
Most blends have a high roportion of Chardonnay, Chennic blan with the balance of Mauzac
85
What is the style, grape for Blanquette Method Ancestrale AOC?
100% Mauzac
86
What are the two ways to make Blanquette Method Ancestral AOC?
1) partial fermented must is chilled in Decemberand bottled in March under the waning moon. Lightly sparking wine which is slightly cloudy due to the yeast still present in the bottle.
2) odern approach is to chill the partially fermented must and them bottle with the addition of yearst and disgorge afer a brief 2-3 months aging
Finished wine must not exceed 7%alcohol
residual sugar should lie between 6-8%
undergo a minimum of two months aging before release
the additio of yeast is allowed to initiate the second fermentation
no liqueur d'expedition is allowed
87
What is the grape for Limoux AOC, white still
Mauzac (min 15%) , chardonnay, chenin blanc
allow 3 authorized grape
hand harvesting
barrel fermentation
aging in barrel until at least May following the vintage (min 7 months)
88
Which AOC has some of the best chardonnay produced in Languedoc?
Limoux AOC, white still
89
What is the grape for Limoux AOC, red still
Merlot , Cot/Syrah, Carignna, Cab Saugivnon and Cab Franc
a blend of at least 3 grapes
machine or hand harvesting
aging in tank or barrel for a min of 7 months
90
What is the grape varity for Vins Doux Naturels AOC
Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc
91
Describe the crafting of VDN in Languedoc?
single grape: Muscat a Petits Grains Blanc
fermentating must is fortified with a neutral grape spirit
15% alcohol
a minimum of 11% residual sugar (with the exception of saint jean de minervois at 12.5%)
harvested by hand
no irrigation is permitted
92
What is mutage?
The process of arresting a fermenting must through the addition of grape spirit
93
Key terms to descrive the reductive and oxidative VDNs
Within the red category there are two distinct styles called rancio or rimage. Rancio wines are made in an oxidative style, while rimage wines are made in a non-oxidative (i.e reductive) way to preserve the freshness and fruitiness of the wine.
94
What are three categories of IPF wine in Languedoc?
Regional IGP, Department IGP, Laocal IGP
95
What are the six regional IGPs in France
IGP Pays d'Oc, IGP Val de Loire, IGP Atlantique, IGP Mediterranee, IGP Comte Tolosan, and IGP Comtes de Rhodaniens
96
What is the most important regional IGP in France?
IGP Pays d'Oc
97
What is Vins Sans IG?
wines without a geographic indication, labelled as Vin de France
98
What region is the number one producer of Vins Sans IG in France
Southern France
99
What is the raditional pruning method in Languedoc?
Gobelet (newer ones switched to Guyot)
100
What are the viticultural practices in Languedoc?
Gobelet
east-west facing
irrigation is permitted through May
higest nubmer of certified organic wine producers
largest certified organic area
101
What is the production style for Roussillon?
75% is produced by its 60 co-operative wineries.
102
What is Roussillon wine known for?
fortified dessert wines. 80% of all French Vins Doux Naturels.
103
What is the spanish name for Carignan?
Carinena
104
What is the spanish name for Mourvedre?
Mataro/Monastrell
105
What wine region is considered French Catalogne?
Roussilon
106
How many AOCs in Roussillon?
13
107
What appellations can incorporate fruit from Languedoc and Roussilon?
IGP Pays d'Oc and AOC Languedoc
108
Why does Roussillon produce less than Languedoc?
signifantly lower yields, rugged landscope and poor soil
109
What is Roussillon's climate
Mediterrnean
110
What is the main geological difference between Languedoc and Roussilon?
more mountainous terrain in Roussillon
111
What is the soil of Roussillon?
icon rich, sandy , red water retaining clay. rousse - means red.
112
What is the one grape addition for Roussillon compared to Languedoc?
Tourbat (white), kknow as Malvoisie du Roussillon
113
What are the three rivers in Roussillon and their signficance to the wine region?
Aglu, Yet and Tec, whose headwaters are located in the Pyrenees, run through the plains to empty into the mediterranean. The water is pure, nutrient-rich and cold, which helps temper the areas around them.
114
What is the largest AOC in Roussillon?
Cote du Roussillon
115
Cote De Roussillon style and grapes
Red (80%), Rose (13%) and White (7%)
Red/Rose: Carignan, Grenache Noir, Syrah, Mourvedre, Cinsault,
White: Grenache blanc, Grenache Gris, Maccbeu, Roussanne, Marsanne, Rolle
yield: 3 tons/acres
116
What is the one cru within Cote Du Roussillon AOC?
Cote du Roussillon Les Aspres, but in trnsition to Village
117
Style and grapes for Cote de Roussillon Villages AOC
Red
Grenache, Carignan, Lladoner, Pelut, Syrah, Mourvedre
Grenache focused, but all wines mubh be a blend of at least 2 grapes and no single grape can exceed 70%.
No Cinsault.
Yield: 2.7 tons/acrs
total 4 villages
118
Style and Grape for Collioure AOC in Roussillon?
Red, white, rose
Red/Rose: grenache, syrah, mouvedre, carignan
white: grenache blanc, grenache gris,
119
Which AOC is the sourthermost appellation in France?
Collioure
120
Which two AOCs share the same delimited areas in Roussillon?
Collioure - dry wine
Banyuls - Vins Doux Naturels
121
Maury AOC style and grapes
Red
Grenache Noir, Carignan, Syrah, Mourvedre, Lladoner Pelut
is allowed to produce dry wines as well as Vins Doux Naturels
dry wine must be a blend of a minimum of 2 grapes with GrenacheNoir as the main.
minimum 6 months o aging
122
How many appellations for VDN in Roussilon?
5.
4 are Grenache varieties
1 entirely on Muscat
123
What is the wine process for VDN in Roussillon?
a minimum of 15% alcohol level
grapes are picked with more than 25.2% sugar at harvest
pure alcohol is added during fermentation (in the amount of 5-10 % of total juice volume)
124
What is hors d'age?
if oxidized wine underwent a minimum ageing of five years
125
What is the most important IGP in Roussillon?
IGP Pays d"oc
126
What is the second most important IGP in terms of production in Roussillon?
Pyrenees Orientales (often marketed as IGP Pays d'Oc)
127
True or False. The oxidative style will continue to improve in the bottle.
False, they can keep for decades, but they wont improve.
after opening, reductive VDN should be consumed within two days,
oxidative VDN can keep for a week.
128
129
What is the main grape variety of Corbieres AOC
Carignan
130
What Languedoc appellation is based on a minimuym 50% merlot?
Malepere
131
What is the largest non-regional AOC in Languedoc in terms of geographic size?
Corbieres (also the 4th largest one)
132
What is Massif de la Clape?
a limestone outcrop separating Narbonne from the sea
133
What are the six crus appellations of the Languedoc region?
Faugeres, La Clape, Corbieres-Boutenac, Saint Chinian Berlou, Saint Chinian Roquebrun and Menevois la Livinere
134
What appellations are located in the Languedoc's "atlantic corridor"?
Cabardes, Malepere and the Limoux
135
What grape is referred as the "lip stinger"?
Picpoul blanc
136
Who discovered mutage?
Arnaud de Villeneuve of Montpeller in 1285
137
What appellation is nestled within the Corbieres AOC?
Fitou AOC
138
Cremant de Limoux is based on what grape variety?
at least 40% Chardonnay
139
What two Languedoc appellations are known for single varietal wines?
Clairette de Languedoc and Picpoul de Pinet
140
What Languedoc appellation grows chenin blanc?
Limoux
141
What Languedoc AOC is particularly known for Syrah-based wine?
Minervois aoc
142
Tourbat is also known as
Malvoisie de Roussillon
143
What effects does the Tramontane have on winemarking in Roussillon?
The tramontane reduces humidity and the risk of vine disease
144
What style of wine does the Banyuls Grand Cru AOC produce?
Red VDN only
145
The prevailing north wine in Roussillon is called
The Tramontane
146
Is Banyuls Grand Cru VDN made reductively or oxidatively?
always oxidized
147
Is Muscat de Riversaltes VDN made reductively or oxidatively?
almost always reductive
148
What style of wine is made in te Maury AOC
dry reds and red VDN
149
What AOC is shared jointly between Languedoc and Roussillon?
Languedoc AOC
150
