borders

Question 1

what is popular understanding of the border?

Answer 1

a boundary between 2 state territories that is relatively stable, encompassing bounded space that are culturally and politically different from eachother

border as stable

Question 2

Traditional conceptions around the use of the border?

Answer 2

-Manage and govern the flow of goods and people between two international legally recognised political territories

• Resistance against globalisation forces

Question 3

Bauder (2011) quote on borders

Answer 3

‘Boarders are equally social, political and discursive constructs’

Question 4

‘Boarders are equally social, political and discursive constructs’

Answer 4

(Bauder, 2011)

Question 5

academic discourse on borders?

Answer 5

• have symbolic, cultural, historical, religious and contested meanings for communities
• constructed and not just physical
• view borders and a spatial fact that forms itself spatially

Question 6

What does Bauder (2011) theorise around borders?

Answer 6

• applies the term aspect and aspect seeing to the concept of the border
• suggests that a single object can be seen in different ways
  eg. can relate to trade agreements, cultural meanings, the flow of ppl
• The materiality of the boarder is still important but also embody as multiple practices
• Boarders mean different things for different people

Question 7

what does it mean by ‘ the meaning of border is in flux’?

Answer 7

-The meaning of the boarder is not fixed

-Constantly re-bordering, borderlands, border-work

-Boarders are relational (Produced, reproduced and transformed) in social relations and networks

Question 8

Key french researcher on borders- what did they publish (title)

Answer 8

Gloria Anzaldúa - Borderlands La Frontera

Question 9

Gloria Anzaldúa - Borderlands La Frontera = explain key points

Answer 9

• Key work in the 80s

-Argues the boarder is a vague and undetermined place

-Created by an unnatural boundary and in constant transition

-The prohibited and the forbidden are its inhabitants

Question 10

when was the first piece of legislation mentioning borders used in the UK?

Answer 10

2007

Question 11

example of how borders are used in the discourse of control?

Answer 11

Airports: Ceiling is lower = encourages through design compliance, architecture = stay in line, smaller than the state

Question 12

what is border apparatus?

Answer 12

Physical barriers proliferated around the state, physical barriers used to control the boarder, also symbolic of control and exclusion

Question 13

discourse around border is increasingly linked to …..

Answer 13

the representation of the people who cross them

• negative bias in media discourse
• sense that any migration is illegal
• idea that these ppl are a threat
• migration becoming criminalised

Question 14

explain how border appareatus is increasingly focussed around people:

Answer 14

• Some bodies are more free to move across boarder than others
• Introduction of smart border technology
  Automated targeting of passengers – Biometric borders and risk profiling = bodies inscribed with encoded boundaries of access
  Some bodies are not expected in certain national spaces
  Boarder apparatus reproduces categories of legal, illegal and citizen non-citizen