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Medical Microbiology > Bordetella And Haemophilus > Flashcards

Bordetella And Haemophilus Flashcards

1
Q

Bordetella pertusis gram stain

A

Gram negative

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2
Q

Bordetella pertusis oxygen requirements

A

Strict aero be

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3
Q

Bordetella pertusis cell morphology

A

Small coccobacillus- singly or in pairs.

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4
Q

Bordetella pertusis hemolysis

A

Small, transparent hemolytic colonies on a border-gengou medium

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5
Q

Bordetella pertusis transmission

A

Sticktly human pathogen, transmission by aerosolized droplets (>1m) nonmotile and does not ferment carbohydrates (or grown on common lab media)

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6
Q

Bordetella parapertusis morphology

A

Grows on regular agar/ lab media. Positive results on sheep blood agar, and MacConkey agar

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7
Q

Bordetella pertusis pathogenesis

A

7-10 day colonization period with no-symptoms,
Then start symptoms after a week or two: toxin mediated disease
Inflammation interferes with pulmonary secretion clearance
Cough progresses from mild at first, to severe, and slowly resolves
“100-day cough”

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8
Q

Bordetella pertusis 6 toxins

A
  1. Pertussigen
  2. Pertussis toxin
  3. Adenylate cyclase toxin
  4. Dermonecrotic toxin (lethal toxin)
  5. Tracheal cytotoxin
  6. Endotoxin
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9
Q

Bordetella pertusis pertussigen toxin

A

Adhesion

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10
Q

Bordetella pertusis Pertussis toxin

A

Impairs immune response

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11
Q

Bordetella pertusis Adenylate Cyclase toxin

A

Causes an increase in cAMP production

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12
Q

Bordetella pertusis Dermonecrotic toxin

A

Lethal toxin- inflammation and cell death

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13
Q

Bordetella pertusis tracheal cytotoxin

A

Prevents ciliated epithelial cells from beating, which is the irritation causing cough. Also pyrogenic

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14
Q

Bordetella pertusis diagnosis

A 
Based on symptoms, 
Culture of respiratory secretions on bordet-gengou medium
Direct fluorescent antibody testing 
PCR
Slide agglutination
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15
Q

Bordetella pertusis treatment

A

Erythromycin

Vaccine (part of DTP vaccine- but induced immunity wanes after 5-10 years. Need a booster!)

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16
Q

Haemophilus morphology

A

Small, gram negative, nonmotile

17
Q

Haemophilus transmission

A

Transmitted via respiratory droplets, fomite/ direct contact with contaminated secretions
Part of normal human flora in respiratory tract and oral cavity

18
Q

3 Haemophilus pathogenic species

A 
Haemophilus influenzae (type b important human pathogen)
Haemophilus ducreyi (sexually transmitted)
Haemophilus parainfluenzae (opportunistic pathogen- part of normal flora)
19
Q

Haemophilus influenzae hemolysis and growth

A

Requires isoVitaleX-enriched chocolate agar

Requires hemin and NADH for growth, which comes from lysis of red blood cells. 5% CO2 enhances growth

20
Q

Haemophilus influenzae hemolysis and growth factor

A

No hemolysis zone, both X(hemin) and V(NADH) growth factor

21
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi hemolysis pattern

A

No hemolysis zone, requires only X (hemin) growth factor

22
Q

Haemophilus parainfluenzae hemolysis and growth factor

A

Alpha or beta hemolysis, and only V (NADH) growth factor

23
Q

Haemophilus influenzae serotyping/ lab diagnosis

A 
Typing based on polysaccharide capsule
PRP capsule (polyribose-ribitol phosphate) in type b
95% of invasive diseases caused by type b (but rate has fallen with vaccine)
24
Q

Haemophilus influenzae associated diseases

A
  1. Meningitis (most serous, can be spread from person to person)
  2. Epiglottitis- cellulitis and swelling of supraglottic tissues. Rapid airway obstruction (2-4 years old)
  3. Cellulitis: reddish-blue patches on cheeks or eye area
25
Q

Haemophilus influenzae pathogenic mechanisms

A

Anti phagocytic polysaccharide capsule (major)
Lipid A component as a toxin (no exotoxins)
All virulent strains produce neuraminidase and IgA protease
NO EXOTOXINS

26
Q

Haemophilus influenzae treatment and prevention

A

His conjugate vaccine for prevention

27
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi chanchroid

A

Rare- sexually transmitted disease as soft red papule. Quickly becomes pustular, ulcerated, and painful. Located on the penis in males and either vulva, vagina or cervix in females.
May cause spontaneous rupture of lymph nodes and pus drainage if infection gets bad enough

Medical Microbiology (11 decks)

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