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MHD2/Pharm Block 5 > Botanicals and Supplements > Flashcards

Botanicals and Supplements Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 claims that can be made regarding dietary supplements?

A

1) Nutrient claim - addresses a deficiency 2) Health claim - reduce risk of disease or health condition (need FDA pre-approval) 3) Structure-Function claim - May affect/maintain body structures/functions

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2
Q

Are there risks for excessive intake of vitamins?

A

Yes. U-shaped curve: risk at very low and high levels

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3
Q

Which Vitamins are not recommended for any supplementation (other than deficiency)?

A

A, C, E

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4
Q

Toxicity associated with vitamin A

A

First trimester birth defects

CVD/Osteoporosis

Lung cancers in smokers

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5
Q

Reasons for Vitamin D supplementation

A

Older adults/institutionalized

limited exposure to sunlight

Dark skinned individuals

GI disorders

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6
Q

Toxicity associated with Vitamin D

A

Hypercalcemia

Vascular tissue calcification

Damage to heart, blood vessels and kidneys

Nausea, vomiting, weight loss

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7
Q

Toxicity associated with Vitamin E

A

Increase in all cause mortality

Increased blEEding with anticoagulants

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8
Q

Reasons for Vitamin K supplementation

A

All newborns get IM vitamin K to prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

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9
Q

Toxicity associated with Vitamin C

A

GI issues

Kidney stones

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10
Q

Reasons for Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) supplementation

A

Chronic alcoholics

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (Emergent!)

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11
Q

Reasons for Vitamin B12 supplementation

A

Elderly (decreased absorption)

Vegans and vegetarians

Alcoholics

Pernicious anemia

GI malabsorption disorders

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12
Q

Reasons for Folate supplementation

A

Women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects

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13
Q

Reason for melatonin supplementation

A

Insomnia/Jet lag, changing sleep patterns

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14
Q

Reason for Fish oil supplementation

A

Decreased CVD, BP, HR, CHD death, sudden cardiac death

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15
Q

Reason for Co-enzyme Q10 supplementation

A

For rare genetic deficiency in CoQ10 biosynthetic enzymes

Improves heart health, migraines

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16
Q

Why should doctors discuss dietary supplement usage with patients

A

They are pharmacologically active

They can be toxic

Discussion may uncover unspoken medical concerns

May be interactions with drugs

17
Q

What is commonly used herbal medication is a CYP inducer?

A

St. Johns Wort induces CYP450 enzymes and reduces levels of several drugs including:

  • protease inhibitors
  • oral contraceptives
  • cyclosporin
18
Q

Use of aloe vera supplementation

A

Wound healing

Laxative

Osteoarthritis

19
Q

Use of bitter orange supplementation and associated adverse effects

A

Uses: Nausea, Constipation, Weight loss

Adverse effects: increased HR, BP; Stroke/MI with caffeine Interacts with MAOI, inhibits gut 3A4

20
Q

Use of black cohosh

A

Menopausal symptoms

21
Q

Use of cranberry

A

UTIs

22
Q

Use of Echinacea

A

Colds/Flu Immune booster

23
Q

Use of Ephedra and associated adverse effects

A

Used for: colds, fever, flu and weight loss

Adverse effects: increased risk for CVD/stroke death *Additive with stimulants*

24
Q

Use of feverfew

A

Fevers, headaches, migraines

25
Q

Use of garlic

A

High cholesterol

High BP

26
Q

Use of ginger

A

GI upset, nausea

CVD/inflammation

Rheumatoid arthritis

27
Q

Use of ginkgo

A

Memory loss

Sexual dysfunction

Headache

Fatigue

Tinnitus (Mawp…… Mawp…. Mawp)

28
Q

Use of Ginseng

A

Increased mental/physical performance

Immune booster

Erectile dysfunction

Lower blood glucose

29
Q

Use of Hawthorn

A

Heart disease

CHF/High BP

Angina

Interacts with digoxin/nitrates and BP meds

30
Q

Use of Horse chestnut and associated adverse effects

A

Uses: Chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, and hemorrhoids

Adverse effects: Raw seed contains poisonous toxin that may exacerbate kidney disease

31
Q

Use of Kava and associated adverse effects

A

Uses: insomnia, anxiety, depression, ADHD

Adverse effects: liver damage, muscle spasms

32
Q

Use of milk thistle

A

Liver protection, jaundice/cirrhosis, high cholesterol, diabetes

33
Q

Use of Saw malmetto

A

BPH

34
Q

Use of St. Johns wort and associated adverse effects

A

Uses: depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, heart palpitations, wound healing, chronic fatigue, migraine

Adverse effects: Photosensitization, serotonin syndrome, CYP inducer decreases concentration of many drugs

35
Q

Use of valerian

A

Sleep disorders, anxiety, depression

36
Q

Use of yohimbe and associated adverse effects

A

Sexual dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, athletic performance, weight loss

Adverse effect: increase BP, HR, anxiety, insomnia, kidney failure

37
Q

Thunder god vine was demonstrated to be efficacious for treating what disease?

A

Rhematoid arthritis

Non-inferiority to methotrexate

MHD2/Pharm Block 5 (5 decks)

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