botany Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
generally expanded and
flattened green structure
growing out at the nodes of
the stem.
A
leaves
2
Q
main organ for photosynthesis
A
leaves
3
Q
- Cylindrical or flattened
structure which supports
and holds the leaf upright
– Conducts materials to and
from the leaves
A
petiole
4
Q
May have two small, leaf-
like outgrowths at its base
called the
A
stipules
5
Q
Leaves without petiole are
called
A
sessile leaves
6
Q
Thin, flattened,
usually green
expanded part of the
leaf
– Variable external
features are its
overall shape, apex,
margin and base
A
lamina or leaf blade
7
Q
long and slender lamina
A
linear
8
Q
heart-shaped
A
cordate
9
Q
egg-shaped
A
ovate
10
Q
triangular
A
deltoid
11
Q
kidney-shaped
A
reniform
12
Q
disk-like
A
orbicular
13
Q
fan-like
A
flabellate
14
Q
wedge-like
A
cuneate
15
Q
arrow-shaped base
A
sagitate
16
Q
earlobe-shaped
A
auriculate
17
Q
petiole attached at undersurface
A
peltate
18
Q
base may be arch-like
A
rounded
19
Q
flattened base
A
truncate
20
Q
heart-shaped base
A
cordate
21
Q
The support of the leaf
which may completely
envelope the stem of a
small flap of delicate
tissue extending upward
called the ligule.
A
ligule
22
Q
Thin expanded portion
above the sheath
A
leaf blade
23
Q
are membranous or hairy
tissues located at the
junction of the leaf blade
and leaf sheath
A
ligules
24
Q
are slender extensions of
the collar and are located
at the junction of the leaf
blade and leaf sheath.
A
auricles
25
the blade consists of only one
piece
simple leaf
26
the blade is divided into
segments called leaflets or pinnae, the stalk of
each leaflet known as petiolule
compound leaf
27
stalk of each leaflet
petiolule
28
he leaflets are
attached to an extension of the petiole called
rachis
pinnately compound leaf
29
he leaflets
radiate from the upper end or tip of the
leafstalk
palmately compound leaf
30
extension of the petiole
rachis
31
veins branch
profusely and form a network over the blade; found in dicots
netted or reticulate venation
32
veins and their branches
spread out in all directions from the midrib, the
continuation of petiole
pinnately netted
33
several midribs arise from the tip
of the petiole and spread fan-like through the blade
palmately netted
34
several midribs arise from the tip
of the petiole like the ribs or spokes of an umbrella
and then breaks up into smaller veins; found in
leaves where petiole is more or less at the center of
the blade
radiately netted
35
veins
do not form a network;
found in monocots
parallel venation
36
veins do not form a network; found in monocots
phyllotaxy
37
three or more leaves
located around the node
whorled
38
two or more leaves located only on
one side of the node
fasciculate
39
– Leaves are horizontally oriented
– The upper or ad-axial surface receiving direct
sunlight
Dorsiventral or Bifacial Leaves
40
– Leaves are vertically oriented
– The two surfaces receiving direct sunlight
Isobilateral or Equifacial Leaves
41
principal or main function of leaves
1. photosynthesis
2. transpiration
42
no blade and needle-shaped, no mesophyll,
no vascular tissue, has closely packed fibers in
mesophyll
spines
43
display “thigmonasty” sensitivity to
touch, for protection
motile leaves
44
tropic response to touch
thigmotropic response
45
hick and fleshy, reduced surface-
volume-ratio; with water storage parenchyma; Crassulaceae, kataka taka
succulent leaves
46
spherical succulent leaves
senecio
47
pair of succulent leaves
dintheranthus
48
pair of translucent
leaves acting as optical fiber,
allows light to enter, even
leaves are under ground
lithops
49
sensing contact with other objects, no lamina, support; side facing the object stop growing, otherside elongate--- coil
tendrils
50
digest insects and obtain nitrogen for
their amino acid
insect traps
51
with stalked glands
sundew
52
traps insects
venus' flytrap
53
Passive trap-
incapable of movement
nepenthes pitcher plant
54
produce plantlets
adventitious buds
55
with plantlets
along the leaf margin
kalanchoe
56
reproduce by
leaf cutting
sansiviera
57
for attraction
colored leaves
58
examples of colored leaves
- Poinsettia
- Mussaenda
- Bougainvillea
- Anthurium-
59
aerenchymatous leaf base for buoyancy, support
floats
60
examples of expanded leaf-like petiole or stipule
- suha leaf
- rose leaf
61
fiber source examples
hemp, rami, abaca
62
food source examples
cabbage, lettuce, spinach,
celery, etc.
63
used to make beverages
tea leaves
64
used in cigarette industry
tobacco leaves
65
used as flavoring examples
wintergreen,
peppermint, spearmint
66
Are plant organs which are continuations of the roots usually located above the surface of the soil.
stems
67
A young stem (1 year old or less)
with leaves.
shoot
68
A young stem (1 year old
or less) that is in the dormant
winter stage (has no leaves).
twig
69
A stem that is more than 1
year old, typically with lateral stems
radiating from it.
branch
70
a woody
plant’s main stem.
trunk
71
stem with its leaves
shoot
72
all the stems and leaves of a plant constitutes --
shoot system
73
ound in both
monocot and dicot plants
herbaceous stems
74
found only in dicot plants
woody stems
75
Some stems are woody only at the base,
these are called
suffrutescent stems.
76
- Very little or absent woody tissue and
thus is generally soft
- short-lived
- very little growth in diameter
- smooth, thin epidermis covering
- green in color
- stomata present
herbaceous stems
77
- woody tissue present, thus are hard and thick
- long-lived
- Increases in diameter
(mainly due to production
of wood &cork)
- rough cork covering
- Green when young, brown when old in color
- stomata is Absent but with raised
areas or lenticels
woody stems
78
swollen areas where
leaves, branches and buds arise
nodes
79
portion between two nodes
internodes
80
mark left on the stem by a fallen leaf
leaf scar
81
cut ends of the
vascular bundles within each leaf scar
bundle scars
82
raised pores seen on dicot stems
lenticels
83
undeveloped structures
which may grow into leaves,
shoots, or flowers
buds
84
at the end of the stem
terminal or apical bud
85
at the upper angle
formed by the leaf stalk
and the stem called the
leaf axil
lateral or axillary bud
86
beside and above the
axillary bud
accessory or
supernumerary bud
87
on other parts of the plant such as leaves, roots, or internodes
adventitious bud
88
fleshy or semiwoody,
elongated, horizontal stems
that often lie along the soil
surface
runners/stolons
89
doob grass, oxalis
runners
90
are thread like
structure which help the
plants in climbing
tendrils/scramblers
91
Underground, horizontal
stem which may be swollen
due to the presence of stored
food
rhizomes
92
ginger, bamboo
rhizomes
93
short, swollen,
terminal portions of an
underground stems
with the stored food
tubers
94
potato
tubers
95
very small piece of the stem tissue
surrounded by numerous fleshy leaves
onion, garlic
96
globose, underground
stem with thin, papery
leaves on its surface
corm
97
gladiolus, gabi
corm
98
cadena de
amor, ampalaya,
squash
tendrils
99
balloon vine
twiners
100
creeping ivy
root climbers
101
stick plant
green stems
102
cacti
Phylloclades (dadophylls)
103
Fleshy,
underground
stems - ginger,
potato, gabi
storage
104
Development of
buds in some parts
of the stem –
ginger, potato, gabi
reproduction
105
Stems are modified
into thorns and
spines –
bougainvillea, rose,
pomelo, calamansi
protection
106
used for the treatment of malaria is
extracted from Cinchona bark
quinine
