PCQA Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
also known as the periodic table of elements, is a tabular display of the chemical elements, which ARE ARRANGED by atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. The
structure of the table shows periodic trends.
A
periodic table
2
Q
*Father of Modern Chemistry
*List 33 chemical elements (Oxygen, Sulfur
and Hydrogen)
A
antoine lavoisier
3
Q
Law of Triads (Dobereiner’s triad) –related properties
A
johann wolfgang dobereiner
4
Q
he had identified ten
triads, three groups of four, and one group of five.
A
leopold gmelin
5
Q
describing relationships between various
groups of metals.
A
jean baptiste dumas
6
Q
- Ability of Carbon to bond other 4 elements. (Concept of Benzene)
- Founder of theory of chemical structure
A
august kekule
7
Q
Law of Octaves
* Arrange the elements according to atomic number but slightly differ from modern P.T.
A
john newlands
8
Q
Published periodic table
A
dmitri ivanovich mendeleev and julius lothar meyer
9
Q
modern periodic table
A
henry mosley
10
Q
groups/family
A
vertical
11
Q
periods/series
A
horizontal
12
Q
the periodic table has a total of – periods and – groups.
A
7 periods and 18 groups
13
Q
are referred to as representative
elements (s and p block)
A
group A
14
Q
are transition elements (d and p block)
A
Group B
15
Q
include Actinides and lanthanides series ( f block)
A
inner transition metals
16
Q
- MOST REACTIVE GROUP
- Stored in inert solvent: kerosene coated and
paraffin - Don’t occur free in nature
- Salt soluble
- Valence electron: 1
- Activity ⬆ with atomic number
- Alkalinity ⬆ with atomic number
- Degree of solvation ⬇ with atomic number
A
Group 1A alkali metals
17
Q
- By Henry Cavendish (1766)
- Aka: “inflammable air”
- Lightest and Most abundant element
- Cation: monovalent or hydronium; Anion: hydride
- Preparation: LANE PROCESS & MESSERSCHMIDT
PROCESS: 99% ELEMENT
A
Hydrogen
18
Q
1H- Most abundant
A
protium
19
Q
2H- heavy hydrogen
A
deuterium
20
Q
3H- radioactive
A
tritium
21
Q
- Greek word, lithos means stone. “Earth Stone”
- Discoverer: J.A. Arfvedson
- Lightest metal on Earth
A
lithium
22
Q
- Heat exchanger in air condition
- LiBr - antidepressant
- Li2CO3(Lithase®) –DOC for Bipolar Disorder
- LiD (Deuterium) –used in Hydrogen bombs
- Diuretic
A
lithium
23
Q
*Quilonium-R
*Lithane
*Eskalith
*Indication: Bipolar
disorder
A
lithium carbonate
24
Q
*Component of Lithia
water
A
lithium
25
used in Bicarbonated drinks
lithium citrate
26
Absorb carbon dioxide, esp. In
spacesuits
lithium hydroxide
27
Reducing agent, esp. In
pharmaceutical and perfume
manufacturing
lithium aluminum hydroxide
28
Manufacture of mineral water, esp. Lithia water
Lithium chloride
29
Cosmetics, in plastics, and as a lubricant in powder metallurgy
lithium strearate
30
Manufacture of ceramics
lithium fluoride
31
Flux in ceramic glazes
lithium oxide
32
* 4th most abundant element in Earth
* the cation of choice to optimize the
pharmaceutical utility of organic
medicaments
* Most abundant extracellular fluid cation
Sodium
33
* Urinary and systemic alkalizer
* Diuretic
* Antacid
sodium acetate
34
tests to determine the sodium concentrations of solutions
* Zinc uranyl acetate (ZnUO2(CH3COO)4)
* Mg uranyl acetate (MgUO2(CH3COO)4)
* Cobalt uranyl acetate
35
* Baking soda
* Systemic antacid
* Carbonating agent
sodium bicarbonate
36
2nd major extracellular anion
HCO3 (Bicarbonate)
37
* Systemic alkalosis
* Rebound hyperacidity
* Edema
Sodium bicarbonate
38
* primary standard for acid-base titrations
* manufacture of “soda lime glass”
sodium carbonate
39
* Preparation: SOLVAY PROCESS
* Efflorescence: loss of water of crystallization
* Forms:
* Decahydrate is washing soda, sal soda, soda crystal
* Sesquihydrate is trona, urao
* Anhydrous is soda ash, calcined soda
sodium carbonate
40
*Fleet enema (Rectal)
*Cathartic
*Source of P or phosphate
*Urinary acidifier
sodium dihydrogenphosphate
41
* rock salt, halite, table salt, Soler salt
* Uses:
* Electrolyte replenisher (NSS, Lactated Ringer’s soln.)
* Tonicity adjuster
* Condiments
* Preservative
* Antidote for Silver poisoning
sodium chloride
42
* Alkalizer
* buffer
* diuretic
* Expectorant
* Sequestering agent (Benedict’s rgt)
* Anticoagulant in vitro (Sodium citrate
is the ANTICOAGULANT OF CHOICE for
most routine coagulation studies (Harr,
2007)
* Pro-coagulant in vivo
sodium citrate
43
*FIRST fluoride
compound used in
water fluoridation
*Anticariogenic (2%
solution)
*Stimulator of bone
formation
sodium fluoride
44
*caustic soda; sosa; Lye; Saponifying agent
*Titrant for acids
sodium hydroxide
45
*Component of soda lime (Ca(OH)2; NaOH, KOH) →CO2 absorber
*Very deliquescent substance
*Readily attack glass
sodium hydroxide
46
* Dakin’s solution; Chlorox (5% NaClO)
* Daikin’s Solution: Modified Dakin’s Solution is Diluted NaClO solution, NF
* Used as irrigant
* Labarraque’s Solution: oxidizing and bleaching agent
* Disinfectant
* Bleaching agent
sodium hypochlorite
47
*Solubilizer of iodine
*Expectorant
*Antifungal
*Treatment of goiter
sodium iodide
48
*Antacid (management of
acidosis)
*Diuretic
sodium lactate
49
* Salitre (in Philippine market)
* Vasodilator
* Preservative
* Treatment of cyanide poisoning
* CN- higher affinity than Heme to Hgb
* NaNO2 is highly correlated to brain tumors, and digestive tract cancer (Pszezola, 1998) due to nitrosamine production
sodium nitrite
50
*Chile Saltpeter
*Fertilizer (believed to be the oldest known inorganic fertilizer)
*Manufacture of explosive
*Guggenheim process →extraction process from ore
sodium nitrate
51
(+) blue color at interface of 2 liquids
lunge test
52
(+) red color
giess-ilosvay
53
*Glauber’ssalt
*Sal mirabile
*Saline cathartic
*Production of detergents
and paper pulping
sodium sulfate
54
*primary standard of KFR
for water content
determination
*(+) K →Rochelle salt
sodium tartrate
55
form of sodium that is a Hypotensive agent
sodium thiocyanate
56
photographer’s hypo;
prismatic rice
*Chemical antidote in cyanide
poisoning
*Management of iodine
toxicity (converts iodine to
harmless iodide) →
Treatment of iodism: NaCl
sodium thiosulfate
57
ion exchanger that binds with
calcium
cellulose sodium phosphate
58
ion exchanger that tx of
hyperkalemia due to acute
kidney infection
sodium polysterene sulfonate
59
*AKA: kalium, potash
*Most abundant and
predominant
INTRACELLULAR CATION
*Deficiency: Hypokalemia →
paralysis
*Toxicity: Hyperkalemia →
cardiac arrest
potassium
60
gives glass brown and light resistant
potassium
61
pharmacological action: Diuretic; muscle contraction
potassium
62
*Kalium durules®
*Electrolyte replenisher
(slow IV drip)
*Source of potassium
*IMPORTANT NOTE: Never
give by rapid IV push
potassium chloride
63
*Cathartic form of potassium
potassium dihydrogenphosphate
64
*Oral glucose and
electrolyte solution
*KCl
*NaCl
*Na lactate
*Water for injection
darrow's solution
65
*diuretic
*expectorant
*diaphoretic
potassium citrate
66
*caustic potash, lye potash
*Saponifying agent
“Saponification value”
*Hard soap was made
using soda; soft soap with
potash.
sodium hydroxide
67
*Depressant
*Additives in bread
potassium bromide
68
*Same as sodium iodide
*Expectorant
*Component of many reagents
potassium iodide
69
Iodine-Potassium Iodide
wagner's
70
Potassium Mercuric Iodide
mayer's/valser's reagent
71
Potassium
Iodide + Bismuth Nitrate
dragendorff's/krauts RGT
72
*liver of sulfur
*Heparis sulfur
*Preparation of white lotion
*Use to treat acne and
parasitic infections
*With zinc sulfate →
antipsoriasis
sulfurated potash
73
* Oxidizing agent
* Use in fireworks
* Component of gargle and
mouthwashes
potassium chlorate
74
* salt peter, salitre, sal prunelle
* Diuretic
* Meat preservative
potassium nitrate
75
* Mineral chameleon
* Oxidizing agent
* Antiseptic (1:5000)
* VS in permanganometry
potassium permanganate
76
*Rochelle salt
*Sal signette
*cathartic
*sequestering agent
*Citrate vs Tartrate: Denige’s
reagent
potassium sodium tartrate
77
potassium:
*Hypotensive
potassium thiocyanate
78
*“THE ONLY INSOLUBLE
POTASSIUM SALT”
*Cream of tartar
*Creamor
*Cathartic
potassium bitartrate
79
*ONLY HYPOTHETICAL
alkali metal
*Preparation: Haber Process
*Pcol action:
*Diuretic
*Buffer
*Expectorant
*Anti-cariogenic
ammonium
80
*spirit of Minderesus
*Styptic
ammonium acetate
81
*Muriate of Hartshorn
*Urinary acidifier
*Diuretic
*expectorant
ammonium chloride
82
*Sal volatile
*Hartshorn
*Preston salt
*baker’s ammonia
ammonium carbonate
83
Uses
*Expectorant (ammonium)
*antacid (carbonate)
*respiratory stimulant
ammonium carbonate
84
*HgNH2Cl
*WHITE PRECIPITATE
*Topical anti-infective
ammoniated mercury
85
*Source of iodine
*Expectorant
*Antifungal
ammonium iodide
86
*Degree Baume
*10% NH3
16 degress ammonia
87
*Catalyst in
polymerization of resin
forming material
*First element
discovered using
spectroscope
cesium
88
spectral line:
blue - -----
red - -----
1. cesium
2. rubidium
89
- Can occur in free metal state
Complexes / chelates
- Very malleable
- Easy to recover from ore
cesium
90
* Syn: Cuprum
* Only reddish metal
* 3rd most malleable metal
* 2nd best conductor
* Component of HEMOCYANIN
(respiratory pigment) and
cytochrome oxidase
copper
91
* 2 important of alloys:
* Brass: Cu +Zn
* Bronze: Cu + Sn
* Pharmacologic actions:
* Protein precipitant
* Enhances physiological
utilization of iron
* Toxicity: Wilson’s disease
(Antidote: penicillamine
copper
92
* blue vitriol, blue stone, Roman vitriol,
Salzburg vitriol
* Uses
* Component of Benedict’s, Barfoed’s
and Fehling’s ingredient
* Antidote for Phosphorous
poisoning
* Ingredient of Bordeaux mixture
cupric sulfate
93
*Cu3(AsO3)2.Cu(C2H3O)2
*Paris Green (Insecticide)
copper acetoaresenate
94
*Hatchett’s brown
*Antringent (8%)
cuprous citrate
95
*“Scheele’s green”
cupric hydrogen arsenite
96
* Aka: argentum, shining, bright
* Oligodynamic property (germicidal action)
* Protein ppt
* Best conductor of electricity
* 2nd malleable metal
* Toxicity: argyria
* Antidote: NSS
silver
97
*Lapiz infernulariz, lunar
caustic, indelible ink,
caustic pencil
*Treatment of warts
*Eye antiseptic for newborn
babies of mother with
gonorrhea
*Wet dressing for 3rd degree
burn at 0.5%
silver nitrate
98
*Ag(NH3)2NO3
*Howe’s solution
*Dental protective
*Desensitizing
agent
*Tollen’srgt
ammoniacal silver nitrate
99
*Aka: Aurum, shining dawn,
KING OF ALL METALS
*Most malleable and ductile
*3rd best conductor of
electricity
*Dissolved by:
*Aqua regia (Royal Water)
* Selenic acid (H2SeO4)
gold
100
*Aka: Aurum, shining dawn,
KING OF ALL METALS
*Most malleable and ductile
*3rd best conductor of
electricity
*Dissolved by:
*Aqua regia (Royal Water)
* Selenic acid (H2SeO4)
gold
101
- Treatment of gout and
R.A
Gold Na thiomalate (IM)
Myochrysine®
102
Given orally for RA
Auranofin Ridaura®
103
Eye antiseptic, for
vaginitis
Mild Silver Proteinate
(19-25% antiseptic) (agyrol)
104
Germicide for ear and
throat
Strong Silver Proteinate
(7.5-8.5% germicidal) (protargol)
105
General germicide
Colloidal Silver Proteinate
(18-22% gen. germicidal)
(Collargol)
106
silver protein stabilizer:
Disodium EDTA
Colloidal Silver Chloride (Lunosol)
