Botany final

Question 1

Homosporous, dichotomously branched, perennial, microphyllous herbs…

Answer 1

Lycopodiaceae

Question 2

Erect to prostrate herbs, with dichotomously branched stems, sometimes forming planar branch systems…

Answer 2

Selaginellaceae

Question 3

Rhizomatous perennial herbs, the arial shoots hollow, ridged, with siliceous epidermal cells…

Answer 3

Equisetaceae

Question 4

Rootless, rhizomatous, perennial herbs, dichotomously branched stems, aerial stems photosynthetic…

Answer 4

Psilotaceae

Question 5

Homosporous, eusporangiate, perennial herbs;

Answer 5

Ophioglossaceae

Question 6

Erect stems, dimorphic leaves or leaf segments with sori and indusia absent, and short stalked…

Answer 6

Osmundaceae

Question 7

Rhizomatous aquatic ferns, the leaves lacking blade tissue…

Answer 7

Marsileaceae

Question 8

Floating, aquatic herbs, the leaves simples, either in whorls of 3 bearing water repellant trichomes…

Answer 8

Salviniaceae

Question 9

Mostly arborescent, the shoots generally covered with trichomes or scales…

Answer 9

Cyatheaceae

Question 10

Distinctive in having shoot apices with clathrate scales and leaves with elongate, linear sori and indusia.

Answer 10

Aspleniaceae

Question 11

Rhizomatous, creeping to climbing plants, the shoot apices with non-clathrate scales…

Answer 11

Dryopteridaceae

Question 12

Exindusiate, mostly epiphytic ferns, sori usually round, oblong, or elliptic.

Answer 12

Polypodiaceae

Question 13

Exindusiate sori, either marginal with false indusia, or intramarginal in lines along veins.

Answer 13

Pteridaceae

Question 14

Palm-like; leaflets circinate when young; megasporophylls group at the stem apex…

Answer 14

Cycadaceae

Question 15

Fern-like or palm-like; leaflets flat when young; megasporangiate strobili 1 to several;

Answer 15

Zamiaceae

Question 16

Leaves simple, fan-shaped, deciduous, dichotomously-veined;

Answer 16

Ginkgoaceae

Question 17

Cones with spirally arranged, flattened bract-scale complexes; ovules 2, inverted;

Answer 17

Pinaceae

Question 18

Leaves scale-like, tightly appressed and as short as 1 mm to linear and up to about 3 cm long;

Answer 18

Cupressaceae

Question 19

Pollen without saccae, the exine pitted; cones solitary, eventually disintegrating…

Answer 19

Araucariaceae

Question 20

Ovules solitary and cones lacking; seeds with a hard outer layer, associated with a fleshy, usually bright colored aril.

Answer 20

Taxaceae

Question 21

Branches usually green and photosynthetic; leaves scale-like, fused basally into a sheath, often shed soon after developing; pollen without saccae.

Answer 21

Ephedraceae

Question 22

Vessel-less, evergreen shrubs with unisexual flowers having an undifferentiated, spiral perianth…

Answer 22

Amborellaceae

Question 23

Aquatic herbs with floating leaves and solitary floating to emergent flowers…

Answer 23

Nymphaceae

Question 24

Trees and shrubs with simple stipulate leaves, solitary flowers, a usually undifferentiated petaloid perianth…

Answer 24

Magnoliaceae

Question 25

Perennial trees or shrubs (rarely vines) with aromatic oil glands, evergreen leaves...

Answer 25

Lauraceae

Question 26

Plants with raphide crystals, leaves with parallel or netted venation...

Answer 26

Araceae

Question 27

Herbs usually with bulbs and contractile roots; tepal petaloid and often with spots or lines.

Answer 27

Liliaceae

Question 28

Large rosette herbs; anomalous secondary growth; leaves in rosettes at base or ends of branches..

Answer 28

Agavaceae

Question 29

Herbs from a bulb with contractile roots; characteristic "amaryllis" alkaloids present...

Answer 29

Amaryllidaceae

Question 30

Styloids (large prismatic crystals) of calcium oxalate present in sheaths of vascular bundles;

Answer 30

Iridaceae

Question 31

Plants terrestrial or epiphytic, roots strongly mycorrhizal, often with spongy, water-absorbing epidermis composed of dead cells...

Answer 31

Orchidaceae

Question 32

Trees or shrubs with unbranched or rarely branched trunks; apex of stem with a large apical meristem;

Answer 32

Arecaceae

Question 33

Herbs, usually epiphytic, with hairs with water-absorbing peltate scales, occasionally merely stellate;

Answer 33

Bromeliaceae

Question 34

Stems rounded and solid; leaves 3-ranked , composed of a sheath and blade with the sheath usually open;

Answer 34

Juncaceae

Question 35

Stem triangular in cross-section; tepals lacking or reduced to usually 3-6 scales, bristles, or hairs...

Answer 35

Cyperaceae

Question 36

Inflorescence of spikelets composed of an axis bearing 2-ranked and closely overlapping basal bracts and florets;

Answer 36

Poaceae

Question 37

Spicy-aromatic herbs, scattered secretory cells containing ethereal oils, various terpenes, and phenyl-propanoid compounds;

Answer 37

Zingiberaceae

Question 38

Perianth with tepals 4 to numerous, distinct; or differentiated into calyx and corolla, then sepals usually 5, distinct and deciduous...

Answer 38

Ranunculaceae

Question 39

Wood usually colored yellow by berberine; sepals usually 6, occasionally 4, distinct; petals in two parts:

Answer 39

Berberidaceae

Question 40

Often with laticifers present and plants with white, cream, yellow, orange, or red sap;

Answer 40

Papaveraceae

Question 41

Flowers with a variously developed hypanthium; petals usually 4 or 5, distinct, often clawed; stigmas separate.

Answer 41

Saxifragaceae

Question 42

Succulent herbs; flowers lacking a hypanthium; carpels usually 4 or 5, slightly connate at base.

Answer 42

Crassulaceae

Question 43

Usually lianas with leaf-opposed tendrils; inflorescence usually appearing leaf-opposed due to growth of the axillary branch from the opposing leaf axil;

Answer 43

Vitaceae

Question 44

Plants often with laticifers containing milky or colored latex, usually poisonous; inflorescence often highly modified, sometimes forming false flowers in cyathia...

Answer 44

Euphorbiaceae

Question 45

Leaves simple, the teeth salicoid (with veins expanding at the tooth apex and associated with spherical, glandular setae);

Answer 45

Salicaceae

Question 46

Leaves pinnately (or twice pinnately) compound, to palmately compound, trifoliate or unifoliate, pulvinus of leaf and individual leaflets well developed;

Answer 46

Fabaceae

Question 47

Thorns sometimes present, prickles sometimes present; flowers with a hypanthium ranging from flat to cup-shaped or cylindrical and either free from or adnate to the carpels...

Answer 47

Rosaceae

Question 48

Herbaceous or soft-wooded vines, usually with spirally coiled and often branched tendrils;

Answer 48

Cucurbitaceae

Question 49

Leaves simple but often lobed, entire to serrate, with pinnate venation; inflorescence determinate, often erect and spicate...

Answer 49

Fagaceae

Question 50

Leaves doubly serrate; inflorescence forming erect to pendulous catkins; fruit an achene, nut, or 2-winged samara...

Answer 50

Betulaceae

Question 51

Stems usually jointed at the nodes, hairs often gland-headed, with aromatic oils; leaves simple and palmately lobed;

Answer 51

Geraniaceae

Question 52

Flowers usually with well-developed hypanthium that is clearly prolonged above ovary; sepals 4, distinct; petals 4, distinct;

Answer 52

Onagraceae

Question 53

Producing glucosinolates (mustard oil glucosoides); petals 4, distinct, often forming a cross...

Answer 53

Brassicaceae

Question 54

Hairs various, but usually stellate hairs or peltate scales; flowers often associated with conspicuous bracts that form an epicalyx;

Answer 54

Malvaceae

Question 55

Well-developed vertical resin canals in the bark and associated with the larger veins of the leaves, the resin clear when fresh but drying black...

Answer 55

Anacardiaceae

Question 56

Leaves opposite, simple, entire, the leaf pair often connected by a transverse nodal line, and nodes usually swollen;

Answer 56

Caryophyllaceae

Question 57

Herbs or shrubs with uniseriate perianth of typically 5 parts; a superior, unilocular ovary with a single seed;

Answer 57

Chenopodiaceae

Question 58

Herbs to trees with bristle-like bracts, a uniseriate perianth of 3-5 parts; basally connate stamens;

Answer 58

Amaranthaceae

Question 59

Spiny stem succulents, shoots differentiated, succulent long shoots producing photosynthetic leaves, short shoots (areoles) producing a spine or spine cluster;

Answer 59

Cactaceae

Question 60

Leaves adaxially circinate, the blade sensitive and forming a snap trap or covered with conspicuous, tentacle-like, mucilage-secreting hairs;

Answer 60

Droseraceae

Question 61

Nodes often swollen; stipules present and connate into an often thin sheath (or ocrea) around the stem;

Answer 61

Polygonaceae

Question 62

Epiphytic (=stem) parasites; stems jointed, breaking apart easily at the constricted nodes; flowers +- inconspicuous.

Answer 62

Viscaceae

Question 63

Leaves simples; flowers usually +- pendulous; petals usually 4 or 5 and connate, often cylindrical to urn-shaped; stamens 8-10...

Answer 63

Ericaceae

Question 64

Leaves simple, sometimes deeply lobed; petals usually 5, connate, often strongly so, and forming a wheel-shaped, bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, or tubular corolla, distinctly plicate (with fold lines)...

Answer 64

Solanaceae

Question 65

Stomata paracytic; leaves opposite or whorled, usually entire, stipules present, interpetiolar and usually connate, with colleters on adaxial surface;

Answer 65

Rubiaceae

Question 66

Tissues with laticifers and sap usually milky; petals usually 5, connate, forming a wheel-shaped, bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, or tubular corolla, sometimes reflexed...

Answer 66

Apocynaceae

Question 67

Hairs various, but often unicellular, with a basal cystolith and often calcified or silicified walls, and the plants rough to the touch;

Answer 67

Boraginaceae

Question 68

Hairs, when glandular, head +- globular to ellisoidal, lacking vertical partitions; flowers usually bisexual and bilateral; petals usually 5...

Answer 68

Plantaginaceae

Question 69

Hemiparasitic to holoparasitic with a single large or many small haustorial connections to the roots of host plants;

Answer 69

Orobanchaceae

Question 70

Stems often square in cross-section, hairs gland-headed, with ethereal oils (including terpinoids); leaves usually opposite;

Answer 70

Lamiaceae

Question 71

Stems often hollow in internodal region, with secretory canals containing ethereal oils and resins; triterpenoid saponins, coumarins...

Answer 71

Apiaceae

Question 72

Flowers bilateral; pollen large, spiny; style elongate; stigma capitate; nectar produced by closely packed glandular hairs on lower part of corolla tube.

Answer 72

Caprifoliaceae

Question 73

Petals usually 5, connate, forming a tubular or bell-shaped corolla, or 2-lipped to 1-lipped and then with variously developed adaxial slit;

Answer 73

Campanulaceae

Question 74

Flowers +- densely aggregated into indeterminate heads that are surrounded by an involucre or bracts (phyllaries); petals 5, connate, forming a radial and tubular corolla (disk flower)...

Answer 74

Asteraceae