Bovine Respiratory Disease - BRD Flashcards
(32 cards)
Causes of BRD - three main factors
- Stress
- Viral
- Bacterial
One of the most stressful events in a cows life, during which passive immunity goes down and adaptive immunity goes up, is at _____.
Weaning
Hypopnea
abnormally slow or shallow breathing
Hemoptysis
Coughing up blood
A ___-fold rise in antibody titer is a good indication of viral infection.
four
T/F: Bronchial sounds are normally heard over the thorax in resting animals.
False (may be heard over the hilar region in normal animals that are breathing hard after exercise)
Bronchial breath sounds consist of a full ____ and ____ phase, with the ____ phase usually being louder.
inspriatory and expiratory; inspiratory
Bronchial sounds heard over the thorax suggest lung ____ and pulmonary ____.
consolidation; disease
Sound travels better through tissue than air. If no air is moving through the airways due to consolidation, we will hear quiet sounds. If air is moving int he presence of lung consolidation, then the sound will be _____.
Amplified
Bronchial breath sounds are NORMALLY heard over the ___ and ____.
trachea and larynx
Bronchovesicular sounds consist of a full _____ phase with a shortened, and softer ____ phase.
Inspriatory; expiratory
Bronchovesciular sounds are heard over the ___ region in most resting animals and should be quieter than the ____ breath sounds.
Hilar; tracheal
In sheep,goats,llamas, and alpacas, bronchovesicular sounds may be heard throughout the full lung field and are often ____ than treacheal breath sounds.
Louder
Increased intesnity of bronchovesicular sounds is most often associated with _______ or ______.
Increased ventilation
Pulmonary consolidation
Vesicular breath sounds consist of a quiet, wispy ____ phase followed by a short, almost silent ____ phase.
Inspriatory; expiratory
Vesicular sounds are heard over the _____ of the lung field.
Periphery
Vesicular sounds are NOT produced by the air moving through the terminal bronchiols and alveoli, but rather are the result of ______ of breath sounds produced in the bronchi at the ___ region of hte lungs.
Attenuation; hilar
Vesicular sounds may be absent or silent in the periphery of normal resting animals, and are highly variable in intesnsity depending on species, ventilation, and body condition. However, increased intesnity may be associated with ______.
Pulmonary consolidation
T/F: Bronchial breath sounds over the trachea and larynx, bronchovesciarul sounds over the hilar region, and vesicular sounds in the periphery of the lung field are all abnormal lung sounds.
False - all are normal!
Cause of crackles
- Accumulation of secretions within the airway lumen
- Airway collapse caused by pressure from inflammation or edema in surrounding pulmonary tissue
Crackles can be heard on inspiration from intrathoracic ____ pressure opening the airways, or on expiration from thoracic ____ pressure forcing collapsed or blocked airways open.
Negative; positive
Crackles are more commonly heard during: inspriatoin or expriation?
Inspiration
Wheezes are continuous musical tones that are most commonly heard at the end of ____ or early _____.
Inspiration; expiration
Wheezes result as a collapsed airway lumen gradually opens during ____ or gradually closes during _____.
Inspiration; expiration
