Bowlby

Question 1

What had Bowbly seen after the war?

Answer 1

The different impacts of war on children

Question 2

What is maternal deprivation hypothesis?

Answer 2

Theory about what happens for a child if they lose their attachment figure

Question 3

What is the monotropic theory?

Answer 3

Theory of how attachments form
One key attachment- stronger and more important than any other

Question 4

What is the maternal care and mental health?

Answer 4

Paper that was written in relation to post-war European children and the impact it had on them

Question 5

What did WHO recruite him to become?

Answer 5

A mental health consultant

Question 6

Who was he influenced by?

Answer 6

Lorenz
Harry Harlow

Question 7

What does monotropic mean?

Answer 7

The emphases on a child’s attachment to ONE caregiver (mono)

Question 8

What does Bowlby say about the first attachment?

Answer 8

The first attachment to one person is better and more important than any other

Question 9

The more time spent with the primary caregiver?

Answer 9

The better

Question 10

Who did Bowlby refer to the primary caregiver as?

Answer 10

The mother

Question 11

AO3 about the mother being the primary caregiver?

Answer 11

Narrow- does not focus on fathers
Socially sensitive
Low temporal validity- outdated

Question 12

What is the law of continuity?

Answer 12

The more constant and predictable a child’s care, the better the quality of attachment

Question 13

What is the law of accumulated separation?

Answer 13

The effects of every separation from the mother add up- “the safest dose is therefore a zero dose”

Question 14

What did Bowbly say about a mother’s love?

Answer 14

“A mother’s love is as important for a child’s emotional health as vitamins are for physical health”

Question 15

What are social releasers?

Answer 15

Innate “cute” behaviour
Attract adults attention and active attachment system
Reciprocal process- more attention you give baby, the more attention theyll give you

Question 16

Examples of social releasers?

Answer 16

Maintaining proximity
Laughing
Crying

Question 17

What is the critical period?

Answer 17

The time frame in which the attachment needs to form
If the attachment does. Not form in the time frame, then it never will- will have irreversible consequences for the child

Question 18

When is the time period?

Answer 18

2 1/2 years
However is suggested to be a sensitive period- can still happen later than 2 1/2 but there is an optimum time frame
Deterministic

Question 19

What is the internal working model a template for?

Answer 19

A template for future relationships (romantic/parenting/friendship) upon the infants primary attachment

Question 20

What does the internal working model act as?

Answer 20

A blueprint and is used to form the foundation for future relationships

Question 21

What is supporting research for the internal working model?

Answer 21

Lorenz
Attachments are innate
Attachments are evolutionary- preprogrammed to develop them- for safety reasons

Question 22

Strengths of monotropy (AO3): Ainsworth (1967)?

Answer 22

Ganda tribe in Uganda- one primary attachment even when raised by multiple caregivers

Question 23

Strengths of monotropy: AO3- Fox (1977)?

Answer 23

Israeli kibbutz- children spent approximately 3 hours per day with biological parents, but still showed monotropic attachment to main PCG

Question 24

AO3: Schaffer and Emerson?

Answer 24

Quasi experiment- proposed there are different stages of attachment and they each serve a different purpose

This opposes Bowlby as Bowlby says there is only one attachment- S&E say there are multiple attachments

Question 25

AO3: Bailey?

Answer 25

Supports internal working model Wanted to see if there was continuity- looked at their mothers and the attachment then looked at the attachment with the baby Poor attachments to their mothers means the mothers have poor attachments with their babies

Question 26

Can children adopted at 3/4 still form good quality attachments?

Answer 26

Yes- supports that there is a sensitive period not a critical period

Question 27

AO3: Czech twins?

Answer 27

Kulchova twins Locked up from 18 months to 7 years Both went on to have families, children and good jobs They were adopted by 2 sisters who gave them really good care BUT- they had eachother- they were not in complete isolation

Question 28

AO3: Brazelton?

Answer 28

Support for social releasers Told them to ignore the babies- after the babies became distressed trying to get the persons attention, they then lay motionless Suggests purpose for social releases

Question 29

AO3: Lamb?

Answer 29

No attachments are more important than the other There are different attachments for different purposes S

Question 30

Is monotropy a risky strategy?

Answer 30

Yes- it is high risk to only have one key attachment as it is not evolutionary sensible If that one person dies, then you are in danger

Question 31

Socially sensitive and economic implications?

Answer 31

Places pressure on mothers- mothers will feel guilty if they have to return back to work (parent blaming) Bowlby was not trying to blame parents, he was trying to highlight how important the mothers roles is 1950’s and 1960’s- father breadwinner and mother is the nurturer Economic implications- women stay at home- amount of tax government gets will decrease- cost spending decrease- NHS will decrease in quality and women are left with less disposable income Childcare industry will drop- employees will be fired If women go back to work: More childcare, more jobs, more tax, better, growing economy