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Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

What level do nerve roots change from emerging above the vertebrae to below?

A

T1

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2
Q

Where do brachial plexus roots emerge from the spinal column?

A

Ventral or anterior rami

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3
Q

Where is the C8 nerve root located?

A

Above T1 vertebra

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4
Q

Where is the T1 nerve root located?

A

Below T1 vertebra

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5
Q

What are the brachial plexus sections and how many of each are there?

A

Read - Roots - 5
The - Trunks - 3
Damn - Divisions - 6
Cadaver - Cords - 3
Book - Branches - 5

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6
Q

BP trunks location, anatomically

A

Btw anterior & middle scalene
Behind subclavian artery
Over apex of lung to 1st rib

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7
Q

BP nerve trunks and root origins

A

Superior - C5 & 6
Middle - C7
Inferior - C8 & T1

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8
Q

BP divisions and trunk origins

A

Each trunk bifurcates into an anterior and posterior division

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9
Q

BP divisions and compartment innervation

A

Anterior Divisions - 3 - anterior upper limb compartments

Posterior Divisions- 3 - posterior upper limb compartments

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10
Q

BP cords and origins

A

Lateral Cord - anterior divisions of superior and middle trunk

Posterior Cord - all 3 posterior divisions of sup/mid/inf trunks

Medial Cord - continuation of anterior division of inferior trunk

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11
Q

BP Division location, anatomically

A

Posterior aspect of middle third of clavicle

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12
Q

BP Cord locations relative to axillary artery

A

Cords are named for location to axillary artery:

Lateral to, Medial to, Posterior to

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13
Q

BP cord muscle innervation
(general compartments)

A

Lateral & Medial - anterior (flexor) forearm

Posterior - posterior (extensor) forearm

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14
Q

BP cord pre-terminal branches

A

Lateral - lateral pectoral

Medial - medial pectoral, medial cutaneous nerves of arm and forearm

Posterior - thoracodorsal, upper & lower subscapular

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15
Q

BP cord termination, anatomically

A

Inferior margin of pectoralis minor muscle

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16
Q

BP cord terminal nerves

A

Lateral - musculocutaneous nerve & lateral root of median nerve

Posterior - radial nerve & axillary nerve

Medial - ulnar nerve & medial root of median nerve

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17
Q

BP Supraclavicular Branches

  1. Name branches
  2. Name location/origin
A

DSLS

  1. Dorsal Scapular Nerve - C5 Root
  2. Suprascapular Nerve - Superior Trunk (C5&6)
  3. Long Thoracic Nerve - C5,6,7 roots
  4. Subclavian Nerve - Superior Trunk (C5&6)
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18
Q

Suprascapular Nerve

  1. Function
  2. Point of origin
A

Sensory - scapula joint (glenohumoral & acromioclavicular)

Motor - supraspinatus & infraspinatus

Superior Trunk (C5&6)

19
Q

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

  1. Function
  2. Point of origin
A
  1. Motor - levator scapulae, rhomboid major & minor
  2. C5 Root or Superior Trunk
20
Q

Long Thoracic Nerve

  1. Function
  2. Point of Origin
A
  1. Motor - serratus anterior
  2. C5-7 roots
21
Q

Subclavian Nerve

  1. Function
  2. Point of Origin
A
  1. Motor - subclavius muscle
  2. Superior Trunk (C5&6)
22
Q

BP Lateral Cord Branches

  1. Name Branches
  2. Preterminal or Terminal
A
  1. Lateral Pectoral Nerve - PT
  2. Lateral Root of Median Nerve - T
  3. Musculocutaneous - T
23
Q

Lateral Pectoral Nerve

  1. Function
  2. Point of Origin
A
  1. Innervation of pectoralis major
  2. Preterminal branch of Lateral Cord (C5-7)
24
Q

Musculocutaneous Nerve

  1. Function
  2. Point of Origin
A
  1. Motor - anterior arm - biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis

Sensory - skin on lateral forearm via lateral cutaneous nerve

  1. Terminal branch of Lateral Cord (C5-7)
25
BP Medial Cord Branches 1. Name Branches 2. Preterminal or Terminal
MMMMU 1. Medial Pectoral Nerves - PT 2. Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve - PT 3. Medial Antibrachial Cutaneous Nerve - PT 4. Medial Root of Median Nerve - T 5. Ulnar Nerve - T
26
Medial Pectoral Nerves 1. Function 2. Point of origin
1. Motor - pectoralis minor & lower sternocostal portion of pectoralis major 2. Preterminal branches of the Median Cord (C8 & T1)
27
Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve 1. Function 2. Point of origin
aka : medial cutaneous nerve of arm Sensory - skin over medial arm Preterminal branch of Median Cord (C8 & T1)
28
Medial Antibrachial Cutaneous Nerve 1. Function 2. Point of Origin
aka medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm Sensory - biceps and medial side of forearm Preterminal branch of Median Cord (C8 & T1)
29
Ulnar Nerve 1. Function 2. Point of Origin
Motor - Forearm: flexor carpi ulnaris & medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus - Hand: HILA - Hypothenar muscles, Interossei muscles, Lumbricals (medial), Adductor pollicis Sensory - skin on the anterior and posterior aspect of the medial ½ of the palm. - skin on the anterior and posterior aspect of the medial 1½ fingers. 2. Terminal branch of Medial Cord (C8 & T1)
30
Terminal Branches of BP
MARMU (superior to inferior) Musculocutaneous Axillary Radial Medial Ulnar
31
Preterminal Branches of BP 1. Origin (How many per section?) 2. Names
Roots - 2 Trunks - 2 Divisions - 0 Cords - 7 Roots: Dorsal Scapular Long Thoracic Trunks: Suprascapular Subclavian Cords: Medial Pectoral Lateral Pectoral Upper Subscapular Lower Subscapular Medial Brachial Cutaneous Medial Antibrachial Cutaneous Thoracodorsal
32
Subscapular Nerves 1. Function 2. Point of origin
Superior Subscapular - superior portion of subscapularis Inferior Subscapular - inferior portion of subscapularis & teres major Preterminal branches of posterior cord (C5&6)
33
Thoracodorsal Nerve 1. Function 2. Point of origin
Innervates latissimus dorsi Preterminal branch of posterior cord (C6-8)
34
Axillary Nerve 1. Function 2. Point of origin
Mixed (motor & sensory) deltoid and teres minor Cutaneous innervation of lateral aspect of upper arm Terminal branch of posterior cord (C5&6)
35
Radial Nerve 1. Function 2. Point of origin
Motor: - Posterior compartment of arm (triceps brachii) - Posterior compartment of forearm ( (brachioradialis, anconeus, supinator, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor pollicis longus and brevis, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi, abductor pollicis longus) Sensory: - Skin on the posterior surface of the arm. - Skin on the central, posterior surface of the forearm. - Skin on the lateral surface of the dorsum of the hand. - Skin on the posterior aspect of the lateral 2½ fingers. Terminal branch of the posterior cord (C5-T1)
36
Median Nerve 1. Function 2. Point of Origin
Motor: -All muscles of the anterior (flexor) compartment of the forearm except for the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial ½ of the flexor digitorum profundus. -LOAF of Hand. Lateral two lumbricals Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Sensory: -Skin of the lateral ½ of the palm. -Skin on the anterior aspect of the lateral 3½ fingers. -Skin on the posterior aspect of the lateral 2½ fingers. Terminal branch of the brachial plexus. Formed by lateral root of lateral cord and medial root of medial cord. Look for "M". Median - middle. Axillary is lateral and Ulnar is medial to Median.
37
Lateral Cord Branches
LLM - Lateral Pectoral - Lateral Root of Medial - Musculocutaneous
38
Posterior Cord Branches
ULTRA Upper (Superior) Subscapular Lower (Inferior) Subscapular Thoracodorsal Radial Axillary
39
Medial Cord Branches
MMMMU Medial Pectoral Medial Cutaneous of Arm Medial Cutaneous of Forearm Medial Root of Median Ulnar
40
Injuries of Brachial Plexus Mnemonic
DR. CUMA Drop Wrist - Radial Claw Hand - Ulnar Median - Ape/Apostle's Hand
41
Median Nerve Injury Manifestation
Ape Hand Inability to abduct thumb Loss of sensation to lateral 3.5 fingers (thumb is a finger)
42
Radial Nerve Injury Manifestation
Drop Wrist Inability to extend forearm, wrist, hand, fingers.
43
Ulnar Nerve Injury Manifestation
Claw Hand HILA Muscles Hypothenar Interosseous Lumbricals (medial) Adductor pollicis Hyperextension of MCP Hyperflexion of IP

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