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MSK Week 1 > Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Brachial Plexus Flashcards

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1
Q

name the two joints of the clavicle

A

acromioclavicular joint

sternoclavicular joint

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2
Q

what is the sternoclavicular joint betwee?

A

clavicle and manubrium of sternum

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3
Q

what is a common fracture for babies

A

clavicle fractures

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4
Q

name the four ligaments that help stabilize the sternoclavicular joint

A

anterior and posterios sternoclavicular joints
costoclavicular joints
interclavicular joints

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5
Q

what is the costoclavicular joint in between?

A

anchors sternal end of the clavicle to the first rib

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6
Q

what is the AC joint surrounded by?

A

loose fibrous capsule

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7
Q

name the two ligaments that help stabilize the AC joint

A

acromioclavicular ligament

coracoclavicular ligament

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8
Q

what are the two parts of the coracoclavicular ligament that helps the AC joint?

A

trapezoid and conoid ligaments

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9
Q

what is a 1st degree AC injury?

A

stretch or tear of AC ligament

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10
Q

what is a 2nd degree AC injury?

A

rupture of AC ligament

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11
Q

what is a 3rd degree AC injury? another name?

A

shoulder separation…AC and coroclavicular ligaments are torn

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12
Q

what can you see externally with a 3rd degree AC injury or shoulder separation?

A

prominent clavicle on superior aspect of shoulder

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13
Q

what nerves innervate the pec major?

A

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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14
Q

what are two actions of pec major?

A

medial rotation and adductor/flexor of arm

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15
Q

where does pec major insert?

A

bicipital groove on humerus

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16
Q

where does pec minor insert?

A

coracoid process of scapula

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17
Q

where does pec minor originate?

A

3-5 ribs

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18
Q

what is the action of the pec minor?

A

stabilization of the scapula against the thoracic wall

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19
Q

what is innervation of the pec minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve

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20
Q

what three important things pass below the pec minor?

A

axillary artery
axillary vein
brachial plexus

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21
Q

what does the axillary artery continue off of?

A

the subclavian artery after passing the lateral margin of the first rib

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22
Q

what does the axillary artery become named as it continues into the arm?

A

brachial artery

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23
Q

name the six branches of the axillary artery

A 
superior thoracic
thoracoacromial trunk
lateral thoracic artery 
subscapular
anterior humeral circumflexx
posterior humeral circumflex
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24
Q

the first part of the axillary artery consists of what branch?

A

superior thoracic

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25
the second part of the axillary artery consists of what two branches
thoracoacromial trunk | lateral thoracic artery
26
the 3rd part of the axillary artery consists of what three branches
subscapular anterior humeral circumflexx posterior humeral circumflex
27
what does the superior thoracic artery provide flow to?
1st and 2nd intercostal rib spaces
28
name the four regions that the thoracoacromial trunk provides blood flow to
deltoid acromial pectoral clavicular
29
what two things does the lateral thoracic provide blood flow to?
pectoral muscles and breast
30
if the axillary artery is blocked, where does arm get blood flow?
from anastamoses around the scapula
31
name the five segments of the brachial plexus in order
``` roots trunks divisions cords branches ```
32
the roots of the brachial plexus come from what spinal nerves
ventral rami of C5 through T1
33
how many trunks do the five roots converge to make in the brachial plexus?
three
34
name the three trunks of the bracial plexus
superior middle inferior
35
what nerve roots make up the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?
C5 and 6
36
what nerve roots make up the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?
C7
37
what nerve roots make up the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus?
C8 and T1
38
how do the trunks of the brachial plexus divide?
into anterior and posterior divisions
39
the anterior divisions of the brachial plexus feed what muscles?
anterior flexors
40
the posterior divisions of the brachial plexus feed what muscles?
posterior extensors
41
the anterior and posterior divisions then form what? how many?
3 cords
42
name the 3 cords of the brachial plexus?
lateral medial posterior
43
name the two divisions that feed into the lateral cord
anterior divisions of superior and middle trunk
44
name the divisions that feed into the medial cord
anterior division of the inferior trunk continues
45
name the three divisions that feed into the posterior cord
posterior divisions from the superior, middle and inferior trunks
46
name the five main branches (nerves) that arise from the cords of the brachial plexus
``` musculocutaneous axillary radial median ulnar ```
47
what two nerves/branches come from the posterior cord?
radial and axillary
48
what two nerves/branches come from the lateral cord?
musculocutaneous and lateral root of the median nerve
49
what two nerves/branches come from the medial cord?
ulnar nerve and medial root of median nerve
50
what does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?
flexors of the arm
51
what does the axillary nerve innervate?
deltoid and teres minor
52
what does the ulnar nerve innervate?
intrinsic muscles of the hand and some forearm flexors
53
what does the radial nerve innervate?
innervates the extensors of the arm and forearm
54
what does the median nerve innervate?
most forearm flexors and thumb muscles
55
the musculocutaneous arises from what spinal nerves?
C567
56
the axillary arises from what spinal nerves?
C56
57
the radial arises from what spinal nerves?
C5678 T1
58
the median arises from what spinal nerves?
C5678 T1
59
the ulnar arises from what spinal nerves?
C7,8 and T1
60
name the three subscapular nerves
upper middle and lower
61
name the nine smaller branches of the brachial plexus to know
``` long thoracic dorsal scapular suprascapular upper subscapular middle subscapular lower subscapular medial pectoral lateral pectoral medial cutaneous nerves of arm/forearm ```
62
the roots of the brachial plexus travel through what two parts of the neck?
anterior and middle scalene
63
what is the name of the fascia that surrounds the scalene muscles? what does it have to help with the brachial plexus?
prevertebral fascia...has an axillary sheath that covers the plexus
64
other than the brachial plexus, what does the axillary sheath extending from the prevertebral fascia cover?
axillary artery
65
what are the spinal nerves of the upper subscapular?
C56
66
what are the spinal nerves of the middle suubscapular?
C567
67
what are the spinal nerves of the lower subscapular?
C56
68
what are the spinal nerves of the suprascapular?
C56
69
what are the spinal nerves of the dorsal scapular?
C5
70
what are the spinal nerves of the medial pectoral?
C8T1
71
what are the spinal nerves of the lateral pectoral ?
C5-C7
72
what are the spinal nerves of the medial cutaneous nerves of the arm/forearm?
C8T1
73
what is the action of the medial cutaneous nerves of the arm/forearm
sensation to the medial arm and forearm
74
what two muscles does the lower subscapular innervated?
teres minor and subscapularis muscle
75
what muscle does the upper subscapular innervate
subscapularis
76
what muscle does the middle subscapular innervate?
lattisimus dorsi
77
what two muscles does the suprascapular nerve innervate?
supraspinous and infraspinous
78
where do the cords of the brachial plexus run along?
axillary artery
79
describe the location of each cord of the brachial plexus in relation to the axillary artery
lateral is lateral to it medial is medial to it posterior is posterior to it
80
name the only nerve of the upper limb that does not come from the brachial plexus
intercostobrachial nerve
81
what is the innervation of the intercostobrachial nerve?
sensory innervation to small region of skin along the medial aspect of the arm
82
sensory innervation of thumb and lateral arm is what dermatome?
C6
83
sensory innervation of the tip of shoulder is what dermatome?
C5
84
sensory innervation of the middle finger is what dermatome?
C7
85
sensory innervation of the little finger is what dermatome?
C8
86
sensory innervation of the medial arm is what dermatome?
T1

MSK Week 1 (7 decks)

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