Brain Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the lobes of the brain?
Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe
What part of the brain is responsible for building and fine tuning models of movement?
Cerebellum
What part of the brain has the most neurons and how many does it have?
The cerebellum
69 billion
Role of the frontal lobe
controls the timing of neuronal firing, schedules movement routines and thoughts in time
Parietal, occipital and temporal lobes are all:
sensory, store encoded sensory memories
____lobe is the sense of vision. The ____ lobe performs an an analysis of visual information of where an object is in space. The ___ lobe performs an analysis of information of what an object is
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal
Lobe associated with the sense of hearing
Temporal lobe
Function of the motor cortex
controls muscle movement. Stimulation of the primary motor cortex neurons results in muscle contraction
Function of the thalamus
The relay station of the brain
Function of the amygdala
located within the medial temporal lobe, it acts as a kind of alarm bell. Anytime it detects something important to an organism’s survival, be it a predator, or a tasty sandwich, it is activated. Decides whether or not to activate the sympathetic nervous system. In the brain of cocaine addicts, the amygdala is activated immediately when images of lines of white powder are shown to them.
Function of the hypothalamus
controls homeostatic functions such as regulation of body temperature, hunger, parenting, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian cycles
Hippocampus
conversion of sensory input to long-term memory (located deep inside the temporal lobe, not included in neocortex).
Brain stem
structurally continuous with the spinal cord; includes the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain; Brainstem regulates many basic functions: alertness, cardiac, respiratory, sleep cycle
Somatosensory cortex
sensory receptive area for the sense of touch (somatotopic representation of the different body parts - sensory homunculus).
The ganglia for the parasympathetic nervous system lie where?
Close to the organ
The gangila for the sympathetic nervous system lie where?
Close to the spinal cord
The neurotransmitter associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?
acetylcholine
The neurotransmitter associated with the sympathetic nervous system are?
The neurotransmitter for the pre-ganglionic neuron is acetylcholine. The neurotransmitter for the post ganglionic neuron is nor-epinephrine
What is the main function of sleep?
The main function is to clean up the brain during slow wave sleep. Waste products include misfolded proteins. Waste products of brain metabolism go into the interstitial space, wash into the veins and then into the liver.
Is the flow of cerebrospinal fluid through the brain tissue increased or decreased during sleep? What phase of sleep?
The flow of CSF increases 20 fold in the interstitial space during slow wave sleep
In waking, CSF flow is restricted to the brain surface—but expands deep into the tissue during slow-wave sleep.
Sleep and memory?
Sleep is good for memory consolidation (conversion of memory into permanent memory).
Memory improvement is most dramatic for procedural memory (riding a bike, skating, playing the piano).
Melatonin
a hormone that anticipates the daily onset of darkness
Photosensitive cells in the retina detect light and indirectly send signal into the pineal gland that produces melatonin.
What phase of sleep is characterized by muscle paralysis?
REM
Neuropeptide ____ is the ultimate flip flop switch between sleep and wakefulness. It is a neurotransmitter released by the_____. ___-producing cells integrate metabolic, circadian and sleep debt influences to determine whether an individual should be asleep or awake
Orexin
Hypothalamus
Orexin
