Brain

Question 0

What does the Frontal Lobe control?

Answer 0

Personality/ Characteristics

Motor Movement/ Expressive Speech

Question 1

What are the different lobes of the brain?

Answer 1

Frontal (In Front)
Occipital (In Back)
Parietal (Between Frontal & Occipital)
Temporal (Above the Ears)

Question 2

What does the Occipital Lobe control?

Answer 2

Vision

Recognition of Size, Shape & Color

Question 3

What does the Parietal Lobe Control?

Answer 3

Controls Sensation, Touch and Pressure

Reading Skills

Question 4

What do the Temporal Lobes control?

Answer 4

Behavior
Hearing
Language
Understanding

Question 5

What makes up the Brainstem?

Answer 5

Midbrain (Upper)
Pons (Bridge)
Medulla Oblongata (Medulla= Middle…Continuous w/Spinal Cord)

Question 6

What are the main functions of the Cerebellum?

Answer 6

Muscle Coordination
Tone
Posture

Question 7

What is another term for “Little Brain”?

Answer 7

Cerebellum

Question 8

In the brain, what are the 3 levels of protection?

Answer 8

Bony Protection
Membranous Protection
Fluid Protection

Question 9

What is the skull made up of? Why?

Answer 9

Several bones that are fused together.

Gives it greater strength.

Question 10

What does layer 2, the membranes and meninges, do?

Answer 10

Covers brain providing support and protection.

Question 11

What makes up layer 2 of the brain?

Answer 11

Dura Mater ( Tough Outer Layer)
Arachnoid Mater (Middle thinner "spider-like" layer)
Pia Mater (Carries Blood Vessels to Brain)

Question 12

What makes up the 3rd layer of the brain’s protection?

Answer 12

The Subarachnoid Space (Between arachnoid and pia mater)
The Cerebrospinal Fluid CSF fills this space.

*This works as the brain’s shock absorber.

Question 13

What is the Spinal Cord?

Answer 13

A continuation of the medulla.

And runs with the vertebral canal.

Question 14

How are the different sections of the spinal cord defined?

Answer 14

The forearm magnum to the cone-shaped conus medullaris L2

Cauda Equina (Horse’s Tail) Below L2-S5

Filum Terminale (Thread-like, Nonneural Filament) Below Cauda Equina

Question 15

How long is the Spinal Cord?

Answer 15

17”

Question 16

What makes up the Vertebral Bony Protection?

Answer 16

~Pedicule
~Transverse Process
~Lamina
~Spinous Process
~Vertebral Foramen
~Articular Process

Question 17

What are the clinical signs of an Upper Motor Neuron Lesion?

Answer 17

Paralysis (Spasticity Present)
Reflexes (Hyperreflexia)
Babinski Reflex when big toe extends b/c soul of foot is stimulated (Reflex)
Clonus or muscular spasm/repeated contractions (Present)

Question 18

What are some signs of a Lower Motor Neuron Lesion?

Answer 18

• Paralysis (Flacid)
• Muscle Atrophy (Marked/Noticeable)
• Fasiculations/Spontanious Contraction & Fibrillations/Muscle Twitching (Present)
• Reflexes (Hypoflexia)

Question 19

In the Central Nervous System, what do the Motor Impulses do?

Answer 19

Brain sends impulse

      to

Spinal Cord
Anterior Horn

      to

Periphery via Spinal Nerves

Question 20

In the CNS, what do the Sensory Impulses do?

Answer 20

Send Impulses from
Periphery via Nerves

      to

Spinal Cord via the Posterior/Dorsal Horn

      to

the Brain

Question 21

How many pairs of Cranial Nerves are there?

Answer 21

12 pairs

Question 22

Which Cranial Nerves are the most pertinent for PT’s?

Answer 22

5. Tregeminal (Swallowing)
6. Facial (Facial Droop)
7. Spinal Accessory (Poor Shoulder Girdle Performance)

Question 23

How many pairs of Spinal Nerves are there?

Answer 23

31

Question 24

What are the different types of spinal nerves? How many pairs for each?

Answer 24

``` Cervical- 8 pair Thoracic- 12 pair Lumbar- 5 pair Sacral- 5 pair Coccygeal- 1 pair ```

Question 25

Where is the Cervical Plexus?

Answer 25

C1-C4

Question 26

Where is the Brachial Plexus?

Answer 26

C5-T1

Question 27

Where is the Lumbosacral Plexus?

Answer 27

L1-S5

Question 28

What are the 3 Cords of the Brachial Plexus?

Answer 28

Lateral Cord Posterior Cord Medial Cord

Question 29

What are the five peripheral nerves?

Answer 29

``` Musculocutaneous Axillary Radial Median Ulnar ```

Question 30

Where is the Axillary Nerve located? What does it do?

Answer 30

C5-C6 It is the sensory distributor to the lateral arm over lower portion of Deltoid.

Question 31

Where is the musculocutaneous nerve located? What does it do?

Answer 31

C5-C6 Sensory distribution to the Anteorlateral Forearm

Question 32

Where is the Radial Nerve located? What does it do?

Answer 32

C6-C8, T1 Sensory distribution to posterior arm, posterior forearms, and Radial Side of Posterior Hand

Question 33

Where is the Median Nerve located? What does it do?

Answer 33

C6-C8, T1 Sensory distribution to Palmar Aspect of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and radial half of 4th Finger.

Question 34

Where is the Ulnar Nerve located? What does it do?

Answer 34

C8, T1 Sensory Distribution to Medial Portion of 4th Finger and the 5th Finger.

Question 35

What other Plexus does the Lumbosacral Plexus join up with?

Answer 35

Brachial Plexus

Question 36

Where is the Lumbosacral Plexus located?

Answer 36

L1-S3

Question 37

What can the Lumbosacral Plexus be broke up in to?

Answer 37

``` Lumbar Plexus (L1-L4) Sacral Plexus (L5-S3) ```

Question 38

Where is the Femoral Nerve located? What does it do?

Answer 38

L2,3,4 Sensory Distribution to the Anterior Medial Thigh & Medial Leg and Foot.

Question 39

Where is the Obturator Nerve Located? What does it do?

Answer 39

L2,3,4 Sensory Distribution to Middle Medial Thigh.

Question 40

Where is the Sciatic Nerve located? What does it do?

Answer 40

L4,5,S1,2,3 No Sensory Distribution

Question 41

What does the Sciatic Nerve split into?

Answer 41

Tibial Nerve | Common Peroneal Nerve