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Flashcards in Brain Deck (83)
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1
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Recieve info and conduct it towards the neuron body

2
Q

What do axon fibers do?

A

Pass the messages from the dendrite to other neurons or muscles

3
Q

What is the insulator of the axon?

A

Myelin sheath

4
Q

What is the disease called when the myelin sheath depracates?

A

Multiple sclerosis

5
Q

What provies nutrients and myelin to the axon?

A

Glial cells

6
Q

What is the positive outside/negative inside state of a neuron called?

A

Resting potential

7
Q

What decreases a neurotransmitters action by blocking production or release?

A

Antagonists

8
Q

What increases a neurotransmitters action?

A

Agonists

9
Q

What nervous system controls our glands and internal operation msucles, such as heartbeat and digestion?

A

Autonomic nervous system

10
Q

What are the two components of our peripheral nervous system?

A

Autonomic and Somatic

11
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Enables voluntary control of our skeletal muscles

12
Q

What form the Central nervous system?

A

The brain and spinal cord

13
Q

What is the PNS responsible for?

A

gathering info for transmitting CNS decisions to other body parts

14
Q

What does the cerebellum control?

A

Balance

15
Q

What does the medulla control?

A

Breathing

16
Q

Where is the reticular formation located?

A

Spinal cord/part of CNS

17
Q

What does the hypothalimus control?

A

Hunger and thirst

18
Q

What is the ptuitary gland?

A

Not part of nervous system. Hormones, growth regulation

19
Q

What does the sensory cortext control?

A

all of you 5 senses

20
Q

How does a pet scan work?

A

Radioactive glucose

21
Q

How does a cat scan work?

A

Assesses surface of the brain

22
Q

What is Wernicke’s Area?

A

In left temporal lobe – word reception and processing voices

23
Q

Broca’s Area

A

left ftontal lobe - controls speech muscles, aphasia

24
Q

What is the somatosensory cortex?

A

Front porietal lobe - interperts taste, hearing, sight, sense, touch

25
Q

What is motor cortex?

A

Frontal lobe - voulentary muscles

26
Q

What is acetycholine - “Ach” Implicated in motor movement and learning

A

IMplicated in motor movement and hearing and learning

27
Q

Too little ACH

A

Alzheimers

28
Q

What does Dopamine do?

A

Motor movements, attention, emptions

29
Q

Too little Dopamine

A

Parkinsons

30
Q

To much Dopamine

A

Skitzophrenia

31
Q

What is seratonin?

A

Helps control hunger and sleep

32
Q

Too Little Seratonin

A

Depression

33
Q

What is norepinephrine?

A

Helps control alertness and arousal

34
Q

Too little norepinephrine

A

Depressed mood

35
Q

What is GABA?

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

36
Q

Too Little GABA?

A

seizures, tremors, insomnia

37
Q

Too Much GABA?

A

over stimulous

38
Q

What is glutamate?

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter

39
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

System of glands which secrete hormones

40
Q

What is the master gland?

A

The Pituitary gland

41
Q

What does the pituitary gland do?

A

Regulates growth

42
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

Below the hypothalimus

43
Q

What are the two ardenals?

A

epinephrine and non-

44
Q

Adrenal means?

A

Adrenaline

45
Q

Where are the adrenals located?

A

Above the kidney

46
Q

What controls aggression and fear?

A

Amygdala (lime-bean sized)

47
Q

Where is the Amygdala located (system)?

A

The limbic system

48
Q

What are the parts of the limbic system?

A

Amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus

49
Q

What is the brain’s sesnory control center?

A

Thalamus

50
Q

Where is the thalamus located?

A

Atop the brainstem

51
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Receives info from all senses except smell and routes it to their respective areas

52
Q

Thinking about sex gland?

A

Hypothalamus

53
Q

What is the cerebrum?

A

All of the lobes

54
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

The outer layer of the brain (contains many many nerve cells)

55
Q

Does the spinal cord regenerate?

A

No

56
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsible for faces?

A

Temporal lobe

57
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsible for auditory related info?

A

Temporal lobe

58
Q

What is the prefrontal cortex responsible for?

A

judgment, planning, processing new memoires

59
Q

What example shows frontal lobe damage can change personality?

A

Phineas Gage

60
Q

Which age group shows the most plasticity?

A

Children

61
Q

How would plasticity affect the blind orr hearing impaired?

A

That part of the brain would be used for other functions (reading braille)

62
Q

What is plasticity?

A

Ability to repair after damage

63
Q

What is responsible for carrying messages across the tow cerebral hemispheres?

A

Corpus Callosum

64
Q

What is our right hemisphere better at?

A

Preception, creativity

65
Q

What is our left hemisphere better at?

A

Speaking, language, and calculation

66
Q

What does the sympathtic nervous sytem do?

A

arouses action for us

67
Q

What is the fight or fight nervous system?

A

Sympathetic

68
Q

Which part of the autonomic system calms us down?

A

Parasympathetic system

69
Q

Is the spinal cord part of the PNS?

A

NO

70
Q

Coordinates movement and nonverbal learning and memory

A

Cerebellum

71
Q

What makes up three/foruths of the cerebral cortex

A

Assosiation areas

72
Q

What is the process of creating new brain cells?

A

Neurogenesis

73
Q

This part of the ANS keeps us in a state of homeostasis

A

Parasympathetic Nervous system

74
Q

What are motor neurons?

A

carry instructions from the CNS to the muscles

75
Q

What neurons carry messages to the motor neurons?

A

Sensory neurons

76
Q

In which neurons is information processed?

A

Interneurons

77
Q

Which neurons make up the largest share of the brain?

A

Interneurons, by the billions (compared to millions for others)

78
Q

What are nerves made out of?

A

Bundled axons

79
Q

What happens during the refractory period?

A

The neuron pumps the positive charged sodium ions back outside

80
Q

What is depolarization?

A

The loss of the inside outside charge difference

81
Q

What is reuptake?

A

dsddsdff

82
Q

What is neural pruning?

A

The elimination of synapses as we age, eliminating the neurons

83
Q

What is contralaterilization?

A

Property of the brain such that one side of the body is controlled by the opposite hemisphere of the brain: the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, and the right hemisphere connects the left side of the body