What do dendrites do?
Recieve info and conduct it towards the neuron body
What do axon fibers do?
Pass the messages from the dendrite to other neurons or muscles
What is the insulator of the axon?
Myelin sheath
What is the disease called when the myelin sheath depracates?
Multiple sclerosis
What provies nutrients and myelin to the axon?
Glial cells
What is the positive outside/negative inside state of a neuron called?
Resting potential
What decreases a neurotransmitters action by blocking production or release?
Antagonists
What increases a neurotransmitters action?
Agonists
What nervous system controls our glands and internal operation msucles, such as heartbeat and digestion?
Autonomic nervous system
What are the two components of our peripheral nervous system?
Autonomic and Somatic
What is the somatic nervous system?
Enables voluntary control of our skeletal muscles
What form the Central nervous system?
The brain and spinal cord
What is the PNS responsible for?
gathering info for transmitting CNS decisions to other body parts
What does the cerebellum control?
Balance
What does the medulla control?
Breathing
Where is the reticular formation located?
Spinal cord/part of CNS
What does the hypothalimus control?
Hunger and thirst
What is the ptuitary gland?
Not part of nervous system. Hormones, growth regulation
What does the sensory cortext control?
all of you 5 senses
How does a pet scan work?
Radioactive glucose
How does a cat scan work?
Assesses surface of the brain
What is Wernicke’s Area?
In left temporal lobe – word reception and processing voices
Broca’s Area
left ftontal lobe - controls speech muscles, aphasia
What is the somatosensory cortex?
Front porietal lobe - interperts taste, hearing, sight, sense, touch
What is motor cortex?
Frontal lobe - voulentary muscles
What is acetycholine - “Ach” Implicated in motor movement and learning
IMplicated in motor movement and hearing and learning
Too little ACH
Alzheimers
What does Dopamine do?
Motor movements, attention, emptions
Too little Dopamine
Parkinsons
To much Dopamine
Skitzophrenia
What is seratonin?
Helps control hunger and sleep
Too Little Seratonin
Depression
What is norepinephrine?
Helps control alertness and arousal
Too little norepinephrine
Depressed mood
What is GABA?
Inhibitory neurotransmitters
Too Little GABA?
seizures, tremors, insomnia
Too Much GABA?
over stimulous
What is glutamate?
Excitatory neurotransmitter
What is the endocrine system?
System of glands which secrete hormones
What is the master gland?
The Pituitary gland
What does the pituitary gland do?
Regulates growth
Where is the pituitary gland located?
Below the hypothalimus
What are the two ardenals?
epinephrine and non-
Adrenal means?
Adrenaline
Where are the adrenals located?
Above the kidney
What controls aggression and fear?
Amygdala (lime-bean sized)
Where is the Amygdala located (system)?
The limbic system
What are the parts of the limbic system?
Amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus
What is the brain’s sesnory control center?
Thalamus
Where is the thalamus located?
Atop the brainstem
What does the thalamus do?
Receives info from all senses except smell and routes it to their respective areas
Thinking about sex gland?
Hypothalamus
What is the cerebrum?
All of the lobes
What is the cerebral cortex?
The outer layer of the brain (contains many many nerve cells)
Does the spinal cord regenerate?
No
What lobe of the brain is responsible for faces?
Temporal lobe
What lobe of the brain is responsible for auditory related info?
Temporal lobe
What is the prefrontal cortex responsible for?
judgment, planning, processing new memoires
What example shows frontal lobe damage can change personality?
Phineas Gage
Which age group shows the most plasticity?
Children
How would plasticity affect the blind orr hearing impaired?
That part of the brain would be used for other functions (reading braille)
What is plasticity?
Ability to repair after damage
What is responsible for carrying messages across the tow cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus Callosum
What is our right hemisphere better at?
Preception, creativity
What is our left hemisphere better at?
Speaking, language, and calculation
What does the sympathtic nervous sytem do?
arouses action for us
What is the fight or fight nervous system?
Sympathetic
Which part of the autonomic system calms us down?
Parasympathetic system
Is the spinal cord part of the PNS?
NO
Coordinates movement and nonverbal learning and memory
Cerebellum
What makes up three/foruths of the cerebral cortex
Assosiation areas
What is the process of creating new brain cells?
Neurogenesis
This part of the ANS keeps us in a state of homeostasis
Parasympathetic Nervous system
What are motor neurons?
carry instructions from the CNS to the muscles
What neurons carry messages to the motor neurons?
Sensory neurons
In which neurons is information processed?
Interneurons
Which neurons make up the largest share of the brain?
Interneurons, by the billions (compared to millions for others)
What are nerves made out of?
Bundled axons
What happens during the refractory period?
The neuron pumps the positive charged sodium ions back outside
What is depolarization?
The loss of the inside outside charge difference
What is reuptake?
dsddsdff
What is neural pruning?
The elimination of synapses as we age, eliminating the neurons
What is contralaterilization?
Property of the brain such that one side of the body is controlled by the opposite hemisphere of the brain: the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, and the right hemisphere connects the left side of the body
