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exam 2 > brain and cranial nerves > Flashcards

brain and cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

three protective structures of the brain

A

cranial meninges
cerebrospinal-fluid
blood-brain barrier

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2
Q

meninges

A

three layers of membrane that surround the brain and the spinal cord
are continues

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3
Q

three layers of meninges

from superficial to deep

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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4
Q

Dura Mater

A

outer most layer

contains veins that carry blood from brain back to the heart

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5
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

spider web like

between dura and pia mater. Forms arachnoid villi. CSF circulates in the subarachnoid space.

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6
Q

arachnoid villi

A

help reabsorb CSF to get nutrients to the brain

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7
Q

Pia mater

A

adheres directly onto brain and spinal cord

highly vascular to supply oxygen and nutrients to the brain

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8
Q

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

clear fluid, composed mainly of water. Surrounds brain and spinal cord. Acts as a shock absorber, adjusts intracranial pressure, contributes to homeostasis of brain tissue.
between arachnoid mater and pia mater

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9
Q

CSF

A

Acts as shock absorber
allows brain to float
contributes to homeostasis of brain tissue (hormones, nutrients, waste products)
adjusts intracranial pressure to facilitated blood flow

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10
Q

high intracranial pressure

A

inhibits the flow if blood to brain

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11
Q

low intracranial pressure

A

high blood flow to brain

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12
Q

what produces CSF

A

Choroid Plexuses within the four ventricles of the brain

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13
Q

name the four ventricles

A

2 x lateral ventricles
third ventricles
fourth ventricles

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14
Q

describe the production of CSD

A

firstly it is produces in lateral ventricles, then flows into 3rd ventricle, more is made, then into 4th, more is made than it enters the central canal, where it then enters the subarachnoid space

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15
Q

central canal

A

a tube that runs the entire length of spinal cord

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16
Q

Choroid plexus

A

a network of blood capillaries surrounded by ependymal cells

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17
Q

Blood Brain barrier

A

a term used to describe the unique properties of the blood vessels of the brain

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18
Q

the blood brain barrier consists of:

A

tightly conjoined epithelial cells
blood vessels
Capillaries of BBB contain epithelial cells with tight junctions, surrounded by astrocytic end feet

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19
Q

allows movement of:

restricts movement of:

A
  1. water glucose oxygen and carbon dioxide and also alcohol
  2. proteins, pathogens and
    it also holds back many drugs
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20
Q

gross anatomical structures of the brain

A

cerebrum
diencephalon
brainstem
cerebellum

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21
Q

structures of the Cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
lobes

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22
Q

structures of the Diencephalon

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus

23
Q

structure of the brain stem

A

medulla oblongata
pons
midbrain

24
Q

cerebrum

A

largest upper most portion
left and right hemisphere
higher order functions

25
Q

higher order functions

A

cognition - intellectual

function, memory, speech, language planning and decision making and behaviour

26
Q

cerebral cortex

A

thin layer of grey matter
very outer layer of cerebrum
contains billions of neurones
grows extremely fast, causing it to “fold”

27
Q

Gyri

A

the bumps and ridges on the cerebral cortex.

28
Q

Fissure:

A

the deep grooves in the cerebral cortex.

29
Q

Sulci:

A

the shallow grooves in the cerebral cortex.

30
Q

corpus callosum

A

a broad band of myelinated axons connecting left and right cerebral hemispheres.

31
Q

frontal lobe

A

anterior of the cerebrum. Houses primary motor cortex. Involved in cognition and personality.
Separated from parietal lobe by central sulcus
•Separated from temporal lobe by lateral fissure
•Houses primary motor cortex
•Involved in cognition and personality

32
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

•Separated from frontal lobe by central sulcus
•Separated from occipital lobe by parieto-occipital sulcus
•Houses primary somatosensory cortex
association areas to give meining to sensors

33
Q

occipital lobe

A

Separated from parietal lobe by parieto-occipital sulcus
•Separated from cerebellum by transverse fissure
•Houses primary visual cortex
motion perception

34
Q

temporal lobe

A

separated from frontal lobe by lateral fissure
•Houses structures important for memory
•Processes auditory information

35
Q

Diencephalon

A

forms core component Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

36
Q

thalamus

A

large mass of grey matter within centre of brain
axons project into cerebral cortex’s
contains many nuclei

37
Q

primary function of thalamus

A

acts as a relay station for sensory and motor information

38
Q

hypothalamus

A

inferior and anterior to thalamus
major regulator of homeostasis
produces hormones

39
Q

epithalamus

A

a small region posterior to the thalamus. Consists of the pineal gland and the habenular nuclei.

40
Q

brain stem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

41
Q

medulla oblongata

A

the lower end of the brainstem. Contains all the sensory and motor tracts, as well as several nuclei related to several autonomic functions including respiratory and cardiovascular functions.
lots of vital bodily functions

42
Q

pons

A

middle of brain stem
Acts as a bridge, connecting different parts of the brain with one another.
helps control breathing

43
Q

midbrain

A

most superior

Contains superior and inferior colliculi and cerebral peduncles.

44
Q

cerebellum

A

receives sensory inform located at the posterior of the brain, inferior to occipital lobe. Regulates motor activity for smooth, coordinated movement.

45
Q

sensory and motor cortexes

A

primary motor area

primary somatosensory area

46
Q

Primary motor cortex: .

A

located in the pre-central gyrus, initiates voluntary contraction of skeletal muscle
face has more - grater cortical area for

47
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex:

A

located in postcentral gyrus, receives nerve impulses from receptors that detect somatic sensations i.e., touch, pressure, temperature, pain.

48
Q

special sensory

A

have their own primary area

49
Q

association area

A

areas of cerebral cortex which link and coordinate primary sensory and motor areas. Allow meaningful perceptions of sensations.

50
Q

somatosensory association area

A

allows you to determin shape and texture of an object without looking at it

51
Q

wernickes area

A

interprets the meaning of speech by recognizing the sounds of spoken words so it allows you to understand what is being said

52
Q

cranial nerves

A

number - anterior to posterior

name designated the distribution of the nerve or function

53
Q

On - Olfactory

A

exam 2 (7 decks)

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