Brain and Cranial nerves

Question 1

giri, sulci, fissures

Answer 1

giri: the folds in brain matter
sulci: depressions btwn the folds
fissures: deep grooves

Question 2

brainstem

Answer 2

connects spinal cord to cerebrum, subdivided into medulla, pons, midbrain

Question 3

pyramids of medulla

Answer 3

pyramids: prominent enlargements on anterior surface, descending nerve tracts involved in conscious muscle control, fibers decussate to cause control on opposite side of the body

Question 4

medulla

Answer 4

most inferior part of brain stem, contains respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor centers, pyramids and olives

Question 5

olives of medulla

Answer 5

rounded oval protrusions on anterior surface, help with proprioception, balance, sound modulation

Question 6

nuclei

Answer 6

grey matter cell bodies clustered together

Question 6

pons

Answer 6

contains nuclei, including the pontine ( a collection of nuclei) which relays btwn cerebrum and cerebellum to coordinate voluntary movement, sleep center initiates rem, respiratory center coordinates with medulla

Question 7

midbrain

Answer 7

contains tracts that connect to lower parts of brain stem and spinal cord with higher parts of brain, contains corpora quadrigemina

Question 8

corpora quadrigemina

Answer 8

bulging area of midbrain consisting of 4 areas of gray matter- each separate part Called a colliculus

Question 8

superior colliculi of corpora quadrigemina of midbrain

Answer 8

receive incoming sensory input from visual, auditory, and tactile, involved in reflex movement of heads eyes, body

Question 9

what is the separation of midbrain corpora quadrigemina colliculi

Answer 9

2 superior colliculi, 2 inferior colliculi

Question 10

inferior colliculi of corpora quadrigemina of midbrain

Answer 10

nerves in inner ear synapse and send auditory info to higher brain centers

Question 11

cerebellum

Answer 11

controls balance and posture, coordinates voluntary movements, works with frontal lobe in planning, practicing, learning complex movement.

Question 12

how does the cerebellum communicate with other areas of the CNS

Answer 12

through 3 tracts called peduncles: superior, middle, and inferior

Question 13

diencephalon

Answer 13

internal structure between brainstem ad cerebrum, contains thalamus, subthalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus

Question 13

what do the superior, middle, and inferior peduncles of the cerebellum each do?

Answer 13

superior: connects cerebellum to midbrain

middle: connects cerebellum to pons

inferior: connects cerebellum to medulla oblongata

Question 14

thalamus

Answer 14

relay station for sensory info headed to brain, all sensory info except smell is sent here from spinal cord synapses, controls motor function, mood, emotional regulation

Question 15

3 areas of the thalamus

Answer 15

1. medial geniculate nucleus: auditory info
2. lateral geniculate nucleus: visual info
3. ventral geniculate nucleus: most other sensory info

Question 16

hypothalamus

Answer 16

controls the autonomic NS, controls autonomic function, endocrine system, muscles, food/water intake, emotions, sleep/wake

Question 17

mammillary bodies

Answer 17

bulges on the ventral surface of the hypothalamus, contain olfactory reflexes and emotional response to odors

Question 18

infundibulum

Answer 18

stalk like structure on hypothalamus connected to pituitary gland, controls endocrine system

Question 19

cerebrum

Answer 19

composed of right and left hemispheres, each of which has the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insular lobes

Question 20

main sulci/fisssures of the cerebrum

Answer 20

1. longitudinal fissure: separates the 2 hemispheres
2. lateral fissure: separates temporal from frontal and parietal lobes
3. central sulcus: separates frontal and parietal lobes

Question 21

gray matter of the cerebrum

Answer 21

made of the cortex: outer surface and nuclei: clusters deep within brain

Question 22

white matter of the cerebrum

Answer 22

medulla: between the cortex and nuclei, contains tracts that connect cerebral cortex areas to each other and other parts of CNS

Question 23

central sulcus

Answer 23

between pre central gyrus (primary motor cortex) and postcentral gyrus (primary somatic sensory cortex)

Question 24

frontal lobe

Answer 24

voluntary motor function, motivation, aggression, smell, mood, personality, decision making

Question 25

parietal lobe

Answer 25

reception and evaluation of sensory info except smell, hearing, and vision

Question 26

occipital lobe

Answer 26

reception and integration of visual input

Question 27

temporal lobe

Answer 27

reception and evaluation for smell and hearing, memory, abstract thought, judgment, contains insula

Question 28

arachnoid mater

Answer 28

middle brain membrane

Question 28

dura mater

Answer 28

outermost brain membrane, strongest, dense irreg tissue

Question 29

pia mater

Answer 29

innermost brain membrane, bound tightly to brain, loose CT

Question 30

subdural space

Answer 30

under dura mater, contains serous fluid

Question 31

subarachnoid space

Answer 31

under arachnoid mater, contains cerebrospinal fluid

Question 32

epidural space

Answer 32

between bone and dura mater

Question 33

lateral ventricles

Answer 33

within cerebral hemispheres, one in each

Question 34

third ventricle

Answer 34

within the diencephalon

Question 35

interventricular foramina

Answer 35

joins th lateral ventricles with third

Question 36

fourth ventricle

Answer 36

connected to 3rd ventricle via cerebral aqueduct,, continuous with the central canal of spinal cord

Question 36

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 36

liquid within spinal space, forms a protective cushion around CNS, protects from rapid head movement

Question 37

choroid plexuses

Answer 37

produce cerebrospinal fluid

Question 37

olfactory nerve

Answer 37

I, sensory- smell

Question 38

optic nerve

Answer 38

II, sensory- vision

Question 39

oculomotor nerve

Answer 39

III, motor- eye muscles, pupil size, parasympathetic

Question 40

trochlear nerve

Answer 40

IV, motor- muscles of eye movement

Question 40

trigeminal nerve

Answer 40

V, sensory- scalp, forehead nose, cheeks, eyelids, teeth, gums. Motor- mastication, throat

Question 41

vestibulocochlear

Answer 41

VIII, sensory- hearing/balance

Question 41

abducens nerve

Answer 41

VI, motor- muscles of eye movement

Question 42

facial nerve

Answer 42

VII, sensory- taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue, motor- muscles of facial expression, parasympathetic- salivary glands

Question 43

glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 43

IX, sensory- taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue, carotid arteries motor- pharyngeal muscles parasympathetic- salivary

Question 44

Vagus nerve

Answer 44

X, sensory- pharynx, larynx, abdominal organs, heart and lungs motor- pharynx and voice parasympathetic- thoracic/abdominal viscera

Question 44

accessory

Answer 44

XI, motor- trapezius, sternocleidomastoid

Question 44

hypoglossal

Answer 44

XII, motor to tongue muscles

Question 45

mnemonic for order of nerves

Answer 45

On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny. Very Good Vehicle Any How

Question 46

nerve function mnemonic

Answer 46

Some Say Marry (p) Money But My Aunt Says Academics Always Matter More s= sensory M=motor A=all B= both sensory and motor marry (p)= motor and parasympathetic