joints and movement

Question 1

what are joints

Answer 1

point of contact between two bones, bone and cartilage, or bone and teeth

Question 2

fibrous joints

Answer 2

have no joint cavity, bound by dense regular fibrous connective tissue

Question 3

cartilaginous joints

Answer 3

have no joint cavity, bound by cartilage

Question 4

articular capsule (synovial joint)

Answer 4

a double layered structure that encloses the joint: consists of the fibrous capsule and synovial membrane

Question 5

synovial joint

Answer 5

a fluid filled joint cavity, enclosed by connective tissue capsule, bones are bound by various ligaments

Question 6

fibrous capsule of the articular capsule (synovial joint)

Answer 6

made of dense connective tissue that prevents bones from being pulled apart

Question 7

synovial membrane of the articular capsule (synovial joint)

Answer 7

specialized connective tissue that helps produce synovial fluid, covers all internal joint surfaces except where adjoining bones are covered by articular cartilage

Question 8

adduction

Answer 8

movement toward the midline of the body or structure

Question 8

articular cartilage (synovial joint)

Answer 8

cartilage covering the adjoining parts of bones which reduces friction and protects the bones

Question 9

synovial fluid

Answer 9

viscous, oily substance located in the joint cavity, lubricates the articular cartilage

Question 9

joint cavity (synovial joint)

Answer 9

fluid filled space between articulating bones allowing for separation of the adjoining bones

Question 10

types of angular movement

Answer 10

flexion/extension, plantar/dorsiflexion, abduction/adduction

Question 11

abduction

Answer 11

movement away from the midline of the body or structure

Question 11

types of circular movement

Answer 11

rotation, pronation/supination, circumduction

Question 12

flexion/extension

Answer 12

flexion: bending movement that decreases the angle, brings bones together.
extension: bending movement that increases the angle btwn 2 bones, moves them apart

Question 13

rotation

Answer 13

moving a body part around its central axis without flexing, extending, adducting or abducting

Question 14

pronation vs supination

Answer 14

pronation: palm faces posteriorly
supination: palm faces anteriorly

Question 15

circumduction

Answer 15

combination of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, occurs at freely moveable joints

Question 16

elevation and depression

Answer 16

elevation: moves a structure superior
depression: moves a structure inferior

Question 17

protraction vs retraction

Answer 17

pro: gliding motion anteriorly
re: gliding motion posteriorly

Question 18

opposition vs reposition

Answer 18

opp: movement of thumb and little finger toward each other
rep: returning back to anatomical position

Question 19

inversion vs eversion

Answer 19

inversion: turning ankle so the plantar faces medially
eversion: turning ankle so the plantar faces laterally

Question 20

glenohumeral joint

Answer 20

fibrocartilaginous shoulder joint, consists of femur head and glenoid of scapula, strength is due to rotator cuff muscles, all basic movements

Question 21

elbow joint components

Answer 21

1. humeroulnar joint: trochlea of humerus/ trochlear notch of ulna
2. humeroradial: capitulum of humerus articulates with head of radius

Question 22

main supporting ligaments of elbow joint

Answer 22

radial collateral ligament (lateral side) ulnar collateral ligament (medial side) anular ligament (holds head of radius in radial notch of ulna)

Question 23

coxal joint components

Answer 23

synovial, ball and socket. acetabulum and head of femur

Question 24

ligaments of the coxal joint

Answer 24

iliofemoral ligament bears most weight, ischeofermoral is posterior, pubofemoral is anterior. ligament tires holds the ligament to the head of the femur, carries a nutrient artery to the head of the femur

Question 25

knee joint components

Answer 25

synovial modified hinge joint, femoral condyles articulate with tibial condyles.

Question 26

menisci

Answer 26

fibrocartilage articular disks in the knee that deepen articular surface and increase stability

Question 27

knee bursae

Answer 27

surround the knee to protect with movement occurring between patella and femur

Question 28

cruciate ligaments

Answer 28

in knee joint, btwn intercondylar eminence and intercondylar fossa of the femur

Question 29

anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 29

prevents anterior displacement of tibia

Question 30

posterior cruciate ligament

Answer 30

prevents posterior displacement of tibia

Question 31

collateral ligaments

Answer 31

strengthen the joint, mcl and lcl

Question 32

talocrural joint

Answer 32

modified hinge joint between the medial malleolus and lateral malleolus and talus, lateral and medial thickening of the joint capsule prevent side to side movement

Question 33

movement of ankle joint

Answer 33

dorsiflexion and plantar flexion