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Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Brain and Cranium > Flashcards

Brain and Cranium Flashcards

1
Q

Telecephalon

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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2
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

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3
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain

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4
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons and cerebellum

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5
Q

Central sulcus

A

Divides frontal and parietal loves

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6
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Divides the right and left cerebral hemispheres

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7
Q

Lateral fissure

A

Divides the temporal from the frontal and parietal loves

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8
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

In front of the central sulcus
Part of the frontal lobe

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9
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

Posterior to central sulcus
Part of parietal lobe

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10
Q

Gray matter

A

Composed of neural cell bodies
Make up the cortex

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11
Q

White matter

A

Composed of myelinated axons
Make up the corpus callosum

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12
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Connects and facilitates communication between right and left cerebral hemisphere

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13
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A

White matter tracts joining the midbrain to the cerebrum

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14
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncles

A

Connect pons to cerebellum

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15
Q

Vermis

A

Connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

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16
Q

Arbor vitae

A

White matter in the cerebellum

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17
Q

Folia

A

Gray matter in the cerebellum

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18
Q

Layers of the dura mater

A

Periosteal-closely adherent to the internal surface of the cranium
Meningeal later- deep to periosteal layer

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19
Q

Purpose of dura folds

A

To partition the cranial cavity and to support different parts of the brain

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20
Q

Falx cerebri

A

Located in longitudinal fissure
Continuous fold of tentorium cerebelli
Separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres

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21
Q

Diaphragma sellae

A

Covers pituitary gland

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22
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

Separates cerebrum from cerebellum

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23
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

Extensions of arachnoid mater
Transfer CSF from subarachnoid space into venous blood

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24
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Extensions of pia mater
Site for CSF production

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25
Lateral ventricles
First and second ventricle Located within cerebral hemispheres
26
Third ventricle
Located within the diencephalon
27
Fourth ventricle
Located between the brainstem and cerebellum Exit foramina for CSF into subarachnoid space
28
Foramina
Channels that connect the ventricles
29
Interventricular foramina
Allow CSF to flow from lateral ventricles to third ventricle
30
Cerebral aqueduct
Located within the midbrain Allows for CSF to flow from third ventricle into fourth ventricle
31
Order of CSF Circulation
Choroid plexus to ventricles Lateral ventricle to third ventricle via interventricular foramina Through cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle Flors into subarachnoid space via lateral and median apertures Flows into superior sagittal sinus through arachnoid granulations
32
Dural sinus
Pathways for venous blood to travel Ultimately drain into internal jugular vein
33
Superior and inferior saggital sinus
Sinuses located within falx cerebri
34
Straight sinus
Formed by the inferior saggital sinus and great cerebral vein Point where falx cerebri meet tentorium cerebelli
35
Trasnverse sinus
Located within tentorium cerebelli Extends laterally from straight sinus Superior sagittal and straight sinus drain here
36
Sigmoid sinus
Located within groove in occipital bone Becomes internal jugular vein
37
Confluence of sinuses
Junction between superior sagittal, straight, and transverse sinuses
38
Cavernous sinus
Located within and surrounding sella turcica in the pituitary fossa Surrounds pituitary gland, internal carotid artery, CN III, IV, VI, and V1-2
39
Intracranial venous circulation starting from superior sagittal sinus
Superior sagittal sinus  Confluence of sinuses  Transverse sinus  Sigmoid sinus  Internal jugular vein
40
Intracranial venous circulation starting from inferior sagittal sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus  Straight sinus  Confluence of sinuses Transverse sinus  Sigmoid sinus  Internal jugular vein
41
Intracranial venous circulation from cavernous sinus
Cavernous sinus  Sigmoid sinus  Internal jugular vein
42
Circle of Willis
Anastomosis of vertebral and internal carotid systems around the base of the brain
43
Arteries forming Circle of Willis
Anterior communicating artery Anterior cerebral arteries Internal carotid arteries Posterior communicating arteries Posterior cerebral arteries
44
Origin of CN I
Telencephalon
45
Origin of CN II
Diencephalon
46
Origin of CN III & IV
Midbrain
47
Origin of CN V-VIII
Pons
48
Origin of CN IX-XII
Medulla
49
Cranial nerves with sensory function
I, II, VII Olfactory, Optic, Vestibulocochlear
50
Cranial nerves with motor function
III, IV, VI, XI, XX Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, accessory, hypoglossal
51
Cranial nerves with both motor and sensory function
V, VII, IX, X Trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
52
Olfactory foramina location
Ethmoid
53
Olfactory foramina nerve
CN I
54
Optic canal location
Sphenoid
55
Optic canal nerve
CN II
56
Superior orbital fissure location
Sphenoid
57
Superior orbital fissure nerves
CN III, IV, V1, VI
58
Foramen rotundum location
Sphenoid
59
Foramen rotundum nerve
V2
60
Foramen ovale location
Sphenoid
61
Formane ovale nerve
V3
62
Internal acoustic meatus location
Temporal
63
Internal acoustic meatus nerves
CN VII and VIII
64
Stylomastoid foramen location
Temporal
65
Stylomastoid foramen nerve
Part of CN VII
66
Jugular foramen location
Temporal and occipital
67
Jugular foramen nerves
CN IX, X, XI
68
Hypoglossal canal location
Occipital
69
Hypoglossal canal nerves
CN XII
70
CN I
Olfactory
71
CN I Function
Special sensory Sense of smell (olfaction)
72
CN II
Optic
73
CN II Function
Special sensory Sense of vision
74
CN VII
Vestibulocochlear
75
CN VII Function
Special sensory Hearing and balance
76
CN III
Oculomotor
77
CN III Function
Somatic motor: motor to all extraocular muscles (most of eye movement) Visceral motor: parasympathic to ciliary muscles and sphincter pupillae
78
CN IV
Trochlear
79
CN IV Function
Somatic motor Motor to superior oblique muscle (eye looks at the nose)
80
CN VI
Abducens
81
CN VI Function
Somatic motor Motor to lateral rectus muscle (abducts the eye)
82
CN XI
Accessory (spinal)
83
CN XI Function
Somatic motor Motor to traps and SCM (shoulder shrug)
84
CN XII
Hypoglossal
85
CN XII Function
Somatic motor Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles
86
Division of CN V
V1- Ophthalmic V2-Maxillary V3- Mandibular
87
Ophthalmic Function
Somatic Sensory Sensory to skin, mucous membranes, conjunctiva, and cornea; forehead, nose, orbit
88
Maxillary Function
Somatic sensory Sensory to skin, mucous membranes of maxilla, nasal cavity, palate
89
Mandibular Function
Somatic sensory and somatic motor Motor to muscles of mastication. Sensory to skin and mucous membranes over mandible, oral cavity, anterior 2/3 tongue
90
CN VI
Facial
91
CN VII Function
Somatic sensory, special sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor Facial expression and taste
92
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal
93
CN IX Function
Somatic motor, visceral sensory, special sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor Taste, gag reflex
94
CN X
Vagus
95
CN X Function
Somatic sensory, visceral sensory, special sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor Gag reflex, heart rate, digestion

Musculoskeletal Anatomy (11 decks)

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