Brain and Nervous System

Question 1

What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) comprise?

Answer 1

The brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consist of?

Answer 2

Sensory nerves and motor nerves

Question 3

Define Proprioception.

Answer 3

To know where your limbs are without seeing or thinking about it

Question 4

What are the two main divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 4

• Autonomic Nervous System
• Somatic Nervous System

Question 5

What is the function of the Autonomic Nervous System?

Answer 5

Communicates with internal organs and glands

Question 6

What does the Somatic Nervous System communicate with?

Answer 6

Sense organs and voluntary muscles

Question 7

What does the Sympathetic Division do?

Answer 7

Arousing

Question 8

What is the function of the Parasympathetic Division?

Answer 8

Calming

Question 9

What is the role of the Meninges?

Answer 9

Encases the spine and brain, providing shock absorption and protection

Question 10

What protects the spinal cord?

Answer 10

Vertebrae

Question 11

What protects the brain?

Answer 11

The skull

Question 12

What are the components of a Neuron?

Answer 12

• Dendrites
• Nucleus
• Cell body
• Nodes of Ranvier
• Schwann’s cells
• Myelin Sheath
• Axon
• Axon terminals

Question 13

What is the function of Glial Cells?

Answer 13

Support nervous system functions, such as maintaining homeostasis by removing waste

Question 14

What is a Synapse?

Answer 14

The gap between neurons where signals are transmitted

Question 15

What is the role of the Pre-synaptic cell?

Answer 15

Sends signals

Question 16

What does the Post-synaptic cell do?

Answer 16

Receives signals

Question 17

What neurotransmitter is associated with the ‘fight or flight’ response?

Answer 17

Adrenaline

Question 18

Fill in the blank: Neurotransmitters are sent into the _______.

Answer 18

synapse receptors

Question 19

What is the Reflex Arc sequence?

Answer 19

• Sensory receptor
• Afferent Neuron
• Interneuron
• Efferent Neuron
• Muscle

Question 20

What is the function of the Central Nervous System?

Answer 20

Integrative and control centers

Question 21

What is the role of the Motor (efferent) division?

Answer 21

Conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands)

Question 22

What does the Sensory (afferent) division do?

Answer 22

Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS

Question 23

What is the function of the Somatic Nervous System?

Answer 23

Conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles

Question 24

What does the Autonomic Nervous System control?

Answer 24

Conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands

Question 25

What is the role of the Sympathetic division?

Answer 25

Mobilizes body systems during activity ('fight or flight')

Question 26

What does the Parasympathetic division promote?

Answer 26

Conserves energy and promotes 'housekeeping' functions during rest

Question 27

What is the resting potential voltage of a neuron?

Answer 27

-70mV

Question 28

What is Depolarization in neurons?

Answer 28

Na+ flows inward along its concentration gradient, causing action potential to fire

Question 29

What occurs during Repolarization?

Answer 29

Na+ channels close, K+ channels open, allowing K+ to exit

Question 30

What happens during Hyperpolarization?

Answer 30

Action potential drops below resting potential

Question 31

What is the function of the Sodium Potassium Pump?

Answer 31

Removes Na+ ions from inside the neuron and allows K+ to re-enter

Question 32

What is Myelination?

Answer 32

Speeds up signal transmission by allowing saltatory conduction

Question 33

What functions does the Frontal Lobe control?

Answer 33

* Decision making * Problem solving * Deliberate movements * Consciousness * Emotion

Question 34

What is the primary role of the Parietal Lobe?

Answer 34

Processes sensory information like touch, pain, and temperature

Question 35

What does the Occipital Lobe specialize in?

Answer 35

Visual processing

Question 36

What is the function of the Temporal Lobe?

Answer 36

Processes auditory information, including speech

Question 37

What is the role of the Medulla (oblongata)?

Answer 37

Connects the spinal cord to the cerebellum; important in autonomic nerve control

Question 38

What function does the Pons serve?

Answer 38

Transfers nerve signals between the cerebellum and medulla

Question 39

What is the role of the Cerebellum?

Answer 39

Involved in muscle movement and balance

Question 40

What does the Thalamus do?

Answer 40

Interprets sensory input and signals the cerebrum

Question 41

What is the function of the Hypothalamus?

Answer 41

Releases hormones to control the pituitary gland

Question 42

What does the Pituitary Gland produce?

Answer 42

Hormones that control other endocrine glands

Question 43

What hormone does the Pineal Gland secrete?

Answer 43

Melatonin