Endocrine system and Hormones

Question 1

What does the endocrine system consist of?

Answer 1

Glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

The endocrine system plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions through hormone signaling.

Question 2

What are hormones?

Answer 2

Chemical signals detected by target cells using receptor proteins

Hormones can trigger different responses in different target cells based on their receptors.

Question 3

What is homeostasis?

Answer 3

The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes

This includes regulating temperature, blood sugar, and other vital functions.

Question 4

What are two advantages of using hormones for communication between cells?

Answer 4

• Travel long distances through the bloodstream
• Have widespread and prolonged effects

Question 5

What is a disadvantage of hormone signaling?

Answer 5

Slower compared to the nervous system

Hormonal responses can take longer to initiate and may last longer than nerve impulses.

Question 6

What is negative feedback in the endocrine system?

Answer 6

Counteracts changes, bringing the system back to a set point

This process helps to maintain homeostasis.

Question 7

What is positive feedback?

Answer 7

Amplifies changes, moving the system away from its equilibrium

Positive feedback is less common but is crucial in processes like childbirth.

Question 8

Define metabolism.

Answer 8

The conversion of nutrients into energy and building materials to meet the body’s needs

Question 9

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

Answer 9

Regulates hunger, thirst, sleep, wakefulness, and involuntary mechanisms including body temperature

Question 10

What does the pituitary gland control?

Answer 10

All other endocrine glands; influences growth, metabolism, and regeneration

Question 11

What is the function of the thyroid glands?

Answer 11

Regulates energy and metabolism

Question 12

What hormones do the parathyroid glands secrete?

Answer 12

Hormones necessary for calcium absorption

Question 13

What is the primary function of the pancreas?

Answer 13

Aids in digestion and produces insulin to control blood sugar levels

Question 14

What does the thymus do?

Answer 14

Helps build resistance to disease

Question 15

What is the role of adrenal glands?

Answer 15

Secretes compounds like cortisone and adrenaline; regulates metabolic processes, water balance, and blood pressure

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The posterior pituitary hormone ADH targets the _______.

Answer 16

Kidneys, sweat glands, circulatory system

Question 17

What effect does oxytocin have?

Answer 17

Promotes uterine contractions and stimulates milk release from the breasts

Question 18

What is the action of TSH?

Answer 18

Stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones and the growth of the thyroid gland

Question 19

What does ACTH stimulate?

Answer 19

The secretion of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex

Question 20

True or False: Insulin increases blood sugar levels.

Answer 20

False

Insulin lowers blood sugar levels, while glucagon raises them.

Question 21

What is the function of FSH in males?

Answer 21

Stimulates sperm production

Question 22

What does GH stimulate?

Answer 22

The growth of bones and soft tissues; helps control metabolism

Question 23

What is the process of negative feedback involving the pituitary glands?

Answer 23

The hypothalamus releases a hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary, which then instructs a target gland to produce its hormone, counteracting the stimulus

Question 24

What are antagonistic hormones?

Answer 24

Hormones that have opposite effects on the body

Question 25

How does insulin function in relation to blood sugar levels?

Answer 25

Lowers blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake and storage

Question 26

How does glucagon function in relation to blood sugar levels?

Answer 26

Raises blood sugar levels by triggering the release of stored glucose from the liver and muscles

Question 27

What is the function of Oxytocin?

Answer 27

Promotes uterine contractions; stimulates milk release from the breasts ## Footnote Oxytocin plays a crucial role during childbirth and breastfeeding.

Question 28

ADH stands for _______.

Answer 28

antidiuretic hormone

Question 29

Where does ADH primarily act?

Answer 29

Kidneys ## Footnote ADH is vital for regulating water balance in the body.

Question 30

What is the role of TSH?

Answer 30

Stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones and the growth of the thyroid gland ## Footnote TSH is crucial for metabolism regulation.

Question 31

ACTH is produced in the _______.

Answer 31

Adrenal cortex

Question 32

What does ACTH stimulate?

Answer 32

The secretion of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex ## Footnote Glucocorticoids are important for stress response.

Question 33

FSH functions in which organs?

Answer 33

Ovaries in females, testes in males

Question 34

What does FSH stimulate in females?

Answer 34

Egg growth and development; secretion of sex hormones ## Footnote FSH is vital for reproductive health.

Question 35

LH regulates _______ in females.

Answer 35

ovulation

Question 36

What is the function of GH?

Answer 36

Stimulates the growth of bones and soft tissues; helps to control the metabolism of glucose and other fuels ## Footnote GH is critical during childhood and adolescence for growth.

Question 37

PRL stands for _______.

Answer 37

prolactin

Question 38

What does prolactin stimulate?

Answer 38

Breast development and milk production ## Footnote Prolactin is essential for lactation after childbirth.