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Wk12 CNS > Brain and Skull > Flashcards

Brain and Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Name the bones of the Cranium

A
  • 22 Bones
  • Frontal
  • Occipital
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Sphenoid
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2
Q

What are the regions of the brain

A
  • Cerebrum
    - Cerebellum
    - Diencephalon
    Hypothalamus
    Thalamus

Brain stem.
- Midbrain.
- Pons varolii.
- Medulla oblongata.

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3
Q

Definition of the Cerebrum

A
  • Largest and most superior position of the brain
  • Divided into two hemispheres
  • Thin cerebral cortex is made up of Gyri (elevated folds) and sulk (shallow groves)
  • Grey matter
  • White matter
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4
Q

Lobes of the Cerebrum and there function

A

Parietal Lobe
- sensory area, Touch, pain, and temperature are interpretated

Temporal Lobe

  • Auditory function, Olfactory
  • Contains Wernicke area (understanding words)

Occipital Lobe
- Visual area

Frontal Lobe

  • Conscious control, planning and conscious thought
  • Contains the Broca’s area (motor speech to form words)
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5
Q

Definition of the Cerebellum

A
  • Balance and standing
  • Co ordinates skeletal muscle
  • Regulates posture and balance
  • May have a role in cognition and language processing
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6
Q

What does the Diencephalon contain

A
  • Thalmus
  • Hypothalmus
  • Epithalmus
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7
Q

What does each part of the Diencephalon contain and its function

A

Thalmus
- Relays sensory input

Hypothalmus

  • Maintains homeostatsis
  • Produces Hormones (ADH)
  • Controls body temperature
  • Regulates sleep
  • Heart Rate

Epithalmus
- Pineal gland secrets Melatonin

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8
Q

Define the Pons Varolli

A
  • Bridge between the two hemispheres
  • Contains the pneumotaxic and apneustic area
  • Origin of some cranial nerves for the eye
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9
Q

Define the Medulla Oblongata

A
  • About 2.5cm long
  • Cardiovascular centre regulates the HR
  • Central chemoreceptors monitor Ph of CSF and Blood CO2
  • Areas tha influence vomitting, swallowing and coughing
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10
Q

Facts about CSF fluid

A
  • Has oxygen carrying capability
  • Provides mechanical protection
  • Produces 20ml/hr CSF
  • Glucose rich
  • CSF is absorbed back into the blood stream at the Arachnoid Villi
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11
Q

What do Cerebral Ventricles do

A
  • Maintains homeostasis through supplying nutrients to the brain
  • CSF produced in the Choroid Plexus
  • CSF can hold 80-150ml
  • 4 Ventricules
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12
Q

Where is CSF produced and absorbed

A
  • CSF produced in the Choroid Plexus

- CSF is absorbed back into the blood stream at the Arachnoid Villi

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13
Q

What is Normocapnia

A
  • EtCo2 35-44mmHg (4,6Kpa)
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14
Q

What is Hypercarnia and what could it cause

A
  • Hypoxemia
  • Increase Co2
  • Can cause Cerebro Vascular vasodilation
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15
Q

What is Hypocapnia and what could it cause

A
  • Hyperventilation
  • Decrease in CO2
  • Cerebrovascular Vasoconstriction worsening cerebral hypoxia
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16
Q

What is the Blood brain barrier

A
  • Blood supply to the brain 750m/min
  • Consumes 20% of O2 and Glucose
  • Vessels are surrounded by Astrocytes that are highly permiable to H2O, Glucose, Lipid soluable substances (O2, CO2, Alcohol, Anaesthetics)
17
Q

Three componants of the CNS

A
  • Brain tissue 80%
  • Blood volume 10%
  • CSF 10%
18
Q

What is the Monroe Kelly Hypothesis for ICP

A
  • Pressure volume relationship between brain/csf/blood
  • Normal ICP 0-15mmHg
  • Cranial Perfusion Pressure

CCF = MAP - ICP

(think about this with hyper/hypotensive patients)

19
Q

What is the calculation for MAP

A

BP - 120/80

120 + (80x2) \ 3

= 120 + 160 = 280

280 / 3

MAP = 93.3

20
Q

Normal Level for CCP

A

70-80

21
Q

Calculation for CCP

A

CCF = MAP - ICP

CCF = 93 - 10
= 83

22
Q

What are the thing to look for in Cushings Triade

A

ICP

  • Increase Systolic BP
  • Reduced Pulse
  • Reduced Respirations

Shock

  • Low BP
  • Increase Pulse
  • Increas Respirations
23
Q

Point to remember about Head inj

A
  • They will never have a Low BP

- Always have a high bp

24
Q

What can raise ICP

A
  • Position
  • Positive Pressure Ventilation
  • Application of C collar
  • Restraining Patient
25
Q

What are the subdivsions of the CNS (made up of)

A
  • The spinal cord
  • The medulla
  • The pons
  • The cerebellum
  • The midbrain
  • The diencephalon
  • The cerebral hemispheres
26
Q

What is the job of sinuses and what is sinusitis

A
  • Regulate internal pressure in the skull

- Inflammation of the sinus.

Wk12 CNS (2 decks)

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