Brain cell biology Flashcards
(26 cards)
list the four known types of adenosine receptors
A1, A2A, A2B, A3
another name for adenosine receptors
P1 receptors
the two common adenosine receptor antagonists
caffeine and theophylline
BDNF
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Animals chronically exposed to drugs of abuse show increased levels of ______ in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the brain
BDNF
what happens when BDNF is injected directly into the VTA of rats?
the animals act as if they are addicted to and psychologically dependent upon opiates
what is the receptor to BDNF?
TrKB
TrKB
tropomyosin receptor kinase B
atrophy of what has been shown to take place in humans suffering from chronic depression?
the hippocampus and other structures
exposure to _______ has been shown to decrease the expression of BDNF in rats?
stress and the stress hormone corticosterone
what happens if exposure to stress and the hormone corticosterone is persistent in rats?
an atrophy of the hippocampus
studies suggest neurotrophic factors have a protective role against
amyloid beta toxicity
what happens when rats are bred to be heterozygous for BDNF?
BDNF expression is reduced, and hippocampal atrophy ensues
the heterozygous breeding of rats decreasing hippocampal volume is indicative of what?
an etiological link between the development of depression and BDNF
what else supports the existence of an etiological link between depression and BDNF?
the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, voluntary exercise,[80] caloric restriction, intellectual stimulation, and various treatments for depression (such as antidepressants[81] and electroconvulsive therapy[82]) increase expression of BDNF in the brain
what gene is the BNDF protein encoded by?
the BDNF gene
where is the BDNF gene found?
chromosone 11
Activation of Dopamine receptor D5 promotes expression of BDNF where?
in prefrontal cortex neurons
the d5 receptor is a ____ of the dopamine receptor
subtype
how much more affinity for dopamine does D5 have than the D1 subtype?
10x
what type of receptor is the D5 receptor
a G-protein coupled receptor
Activation of D5 receptors is shown to what?
promote expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and increase phosphorylation of protein kinase B in rat and mice prefrontal cortex neurons
D5 receptor is highly homologous to the
D1 receptor
How identical are the D5 and D1 receptors?
Between 49 to 80% identical
