Brain development evolution Flashcards

1
Q

What are evolution and development also called?

A
Evolution= phylogeny
Development= ontogeny
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does ontogeny (development) focus on?

A

Experience, learning, genetics, heredity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three -ions, the MIND according to ancient greeks?

A

Cognition: mental processes (thoughts, abilities)
Conation (motivational processes, basic motivations, drives)
Emotion (affective processes, emotions, feelings, mood, stress)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does phylogeny (evolution) focus on?

A

adaptation, function, natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the physiological correlates of:

  • cognition
  • conation and motivation
A

Cognition: Modern cognitive neuroscience. Conation and motivation: Modern
affective (and social) neuroscience. E.g.:

Psychophysiology (autonomic n. system) Behavioural endocrinology (hormones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does it mean if Descartes is a rationalist and a mentalist?

A

a rationalist: he believes in the power of reason, rationality, free will.
a mentalist: he believes in mental events or representations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mind and brain as one or two? What is “Cartesian dualism” or “interactionism”, accordign to Descartes?

A

He believes that body and soul (mind) are two different entities interacting with each other (via the pineal gland or “conarium”) but that each should be studied by different disciplines.

Body (Brain-domain of science) Mind (soul-philosophy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the treatise of man by pascale?

A

! He explains the control of movements in the context of reflexes.
! Animals have no soul but humans do. Implication: humans think and feel, animals do not, i.e., they are like machines or automata.
! As humans, we have free will.
!
He does this without
modern concepts such as “nerves”, or brain electricity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is nature?

A

he innate, genetically inherited characteristics of an individual/organism; heredity (genetics). Inborn biological “program” or genetic inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a genotype? (nature)

A

the genetic constitution of an organism. Refers to a gene, set of genes or entire genome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

the expression or manifestation of the genotype (or observable characteristics), i.e., morphology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and behaviour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is nurture?

A

the totality of environmental factors influencing the development and functioning of an individual. It is more than learning and includes experience in environmental (physical and social) conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who coined nature vs nature and why?

A

Galton-to describe the dichotomy between the nativist school (mainly biologists) and the behaviourist school (mainly psychologists).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is epigenesis?

A

The interaction of the genetic program and environment / experience of the organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly