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L&D > Brain imaging > Flashcards

Brain imaging Flashcards

1
Q

what imaging is indicated for Simple nasal bone fractures without significant deformity?

A

none

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2
Q

when is an orbital xray indicated?

A

MRI screening for suspected metal

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3
Q

preferred test for orbital fractures?

A

facial CT w/o contrast

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4
Q

preferred test for orbital cellulitis

A

facial bones CT w/ contrast

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5
Q

preferred test for retro-orbital hematoma

A

orbital CT w/ contrast

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6
Q

preferred test for facial cellulitis

A

facial bones CT w/ contrast

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7
Q

imaging for suspected cranial hemorrhages

A

head CT w/o contrast

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8
Q

when is head CT w/ angiography ordered?

A

Acute cerebrovascular accident/TIA

With symptoms that are >6 hours and <24 hours in duration

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9
Q

best study to differentiate b/w white and gray matter

A

MRI

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10
Q

put these in order of what yoou should look for 1st to last: blood, bones, brain, cisterns, ventricles

A

BLOOD, CISTERNS, BRAIN, VENTRICLES, BONES

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11
Q

what does black blood on CT indicate

A

ischemia or old blood

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12
Q

MCA dot sign

A

Thromboembolic occlusion of the distal MCA branches in the Sylvian fissure

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13
Q

subdural hematoma: venous or arterial?

A

venous

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14
Q

describe a what a subdural hematoma looks like on CT

A

Crescent/banana shaped, dark hypodensity

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15
Q

epidural hematoma: venous or arterial?

A

arterial

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16
Q

what color is fresh blood on CT?

A

bright white

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17
Q

white spots on CT are usually what?

A

hemorrhage

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18
Q

what does bright white CSF in ventricles indicate on CT?

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

19
Q

what can cause a midline shift?

A

Tumor, hemorrhage, abscess

20
Q

will old blood be hypo or hyperattenuated on CT?

A

hypo

21
Q

brain tumor: hypo or hyperattenuated on CT w/o contrast? T1 MRI? T2 MRI?

A

Hypoattenuation on head CT wo contrast
Hypoattenuation on T1 MRI
Hyperattenuation on T2 MRI

22
Q

will edema be hypo or hyper attenuated on T2MRI?

A

hyper

23
Q

hydrocephalus classic triad

A

Gait instability, urinary incontinence, dementia

24
Q

hydrocephalus best imaging. what will it look like?

A

Ventriculomegaly on CT imaging

MRI is superior imaging for this

25
Q

Depressed fractures definition

A

Displaced more than width of bone

26
Q

indications for head CT

A

Trauma
Severe headache, esp “worst HA of my life” or ASW neuro deficits
Stroke/CVA/TIA

27
Q

ideal timeframe to CT a pt w/ suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

<6 hours

28
Q

gold standard test for diagnosing SAH after 6 hrs

A

lumbar puncture (abscense of RBCs will r/o)

29
Q

Afib could cause what type of stroke?

A

embolic ischemic

30
Q

causes of hemorrhagic stroke

A

Hypertensive vasculopathy
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Arteriovenous and other vascular malformations
cerebral venous thrombosis

31
Q

risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke

A

Risk factors:
Hypertension
Increasing age
Anticoagulant use

32
Q

test to rule out hemorrhage stroke

A

head CT w/o contrast

33
Q

risk factors for ischemic stroke

A 
Hypertension
Atherosclerotic disease
Carotid stenosis/occlusion
Atrial fibrillation
Cardiac tumors
Congenital heart disease
Cardiomyopathy
Patent foramen ovale
Valvular disease/mechanical heart valves
Sickle cell disease
Hypercoagulable states
34
Q

will you see any signs of ischemic stroke on CT if b/w 0-4 hrs?

A

no, but might see MCA dot sign

35
Q

what study to get for:
Vertigo
Occult CVA/TIA
Multiple sclerosis
Headache (esp chronic or migraines—want to rule out structural cause)
Dementia/memory loss (rule out structural cause)
Hydrocephalus (plus CSF flow study)

A

Brain MRI without contrast

36
Q 
what imaging to get for: 
Tumor/metastatic disease
Seizures (new)
Follow-up on confirmed CVA/TIA
Infection/Abscess
Cranial nerve neuropathy
Pituitary gland dysfunction
A

brain MRI w/ and w/o contrast

37
Q

what study to get for:
Aneurysm/Arteriovenous malformation
Acute CVA/TIA if patient thrombectomy candidate and CTA inconclusive

A

brain MRI w/ angiography

38
Q

what imaging to get for:

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

Brain MRI with venography

39
Q

4 categories x-ray is best for

A

bone trauma, osteoarthritis, skeletal malignancy, FBs

40
Q

1st line imaging for injury to vertebrae

A

CT w/o contrast

41
Q

preferred imaging for spinal cord or spine soft tissue injury

A

MRI

42
Q

orthogonal views

A

images taken at 90 degree angle to each other

43
Q

minimum # of views when ordering xray

A

2

L&D (6 decks)

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