brain part 1

Question 1

What does the Central Nervous System (CNS) consist of?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What are the three primary vesicles formed from the neural tube?

Answer 2

• Prosencephalon (forebrain)
• Mesencephalon (midbrain)
• Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Question 3

What does the forebrain become?

Answer 3

• Telencephalon
• Diencephalon

Question 4

Which secondary vesicle does the midbrain remain as?

Answer 4

Mesencephalon

Question 5

What does the hindbrain become?

Answer 5

• Metencephalon
• Myelencephalon

Question 6

What does the telencephalon give rise to?

Answer 6

Two cerebral hemispheres

Question 7

What structures does the diencephalon develop into?

Answer 7

• Epithalamus
• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
• Retina

Question 8

What structures does the metencephalon develop into?

Answer 8

• Pons
• Cerebellum

Question 9

What does the myelencephalon become?

Answer 9

Medulla oblongata

Question 10

What does the central cavity of the neural tube become?

Answer 10

Ventricles

Question 11

What are the four regions of the adult brain?

Answer 11

• Cerebral hemispheres
• Diencephalon
• Brain stem
• Cerebellum

Question 12

What connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle?

Answer 12

Interventricular foramen

Question 13

What connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle?

Answer 13

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 14

What are the three openings that connect the fourth ventricle to the subarachnoid space?

Answer 14

• Paired lateral apertures
• Median aperture

Question 15

What percentage of brain mass do the cerebral hemispheres account for?

Answer 15

83%

Question 16

What are gyri?

Answer 16

Ridges on the brain surface

Question 17

What are sulci?

Answer 17

Shallow grooves on the brain surface

Question 18

What are fissures?

Answer 18

Deep grooves on the brain surface

Question 19

What separates the two cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 19

Longitudinal fissure

Question 20

What separates the cerebrum and cerebellum?

Answer 20

Transverse cerebral fissure

Question 21

What are the five lobes of each cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 21

• Frontal
• Parietal
• Temporal
• Occipital
• Insula

Question 22

What is the role of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 22

Executive suite of brain; site of conscious mind

Question 23

What are the three types of functional areas in the cerebral cortex?

Answer 23

• Motor areas
• Sensory areas
• Association areas

Question 24

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

Answer 24

Precentral gyrus of frontal lobe

Question 25

What are pyramidal cells?

Answer 25

Large neurons that allow conscious control of precise, skilled, skeletal muscle movements

Question 26

What is the function of the premotor cortex?

Answer 26

Helps plan movements and coordinates skilled motor activities

Question 27

What is Broca's area responsible for?

Answer 27

Involved in speech production

Question 28

What is the primary somatosensory cortex responsible for?

Answer 28

Receives general sensory information from skin and proprioceptors

Question 29

What does the visual association area use to interpret visual stimuli?

Answer 29

Past visual experiences

Question 30

What does the primary auditory cortex interpret?

Answer 30

Information from inner ear as pitch, loudness, and location

Question 31

What area surrounds the primary visual cortex?

Answer 31

Visual association area

Question 32

Give an example of a function of the visual association area.

Answer 32

Ability to recognize faces

Question 33

What regions are involved in complex processing of visual information?

Answer 33

Entire posterior half of cerebral hemispheres

Question 34

Where is the primary auditory cortex located?

Answer 34

Temporal lobes

Question 35

Where is the vestibular cortex located?

Answer 35

Posterior part of insula and adjacent parietal cortex

Question 36

What does the vestibular cortex provide awareness of?

Answer 36

Balance and position of head in space

Question 37

Where is the primary olfactory cortex located?

Answer 37

Medial aspect of temporal lobes (in piriform lobes)

Question 38

What is the primary function of the olfactory cortex?

Answer 38

Conscious awareness of odors

Question 39

Where is the gustatory cortex located?

Answer 39

In insula just deep to temporal lobe

Question 40

What does the gustatory cortex perceive?

Answer 40

Taste

Question 41

What is the primary motor cortex responsible for?

Answer 41

Voluntary movement control

Question 42

What is the function of the premotor cortex?

Answer 42

Planning and coordinating complex movements

Question 43

What is the anterior association area also known as?

Answer 43

Prefrontal cortex

Question 44

What cognitive functions is the anterior association area involved with?

Answer 44

Intellect, cognition, recall, and personality

Question 45

What does the posterior association area help recognize?

Answer 45

Patterns and faces

Question 46

What is Wernicke’s area involved in?

Answer 46

Understanding written and spoken language

Question 47

What areas comprise the limbic association area?

Answer 47

Cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and hippocampus

Question 48

What does the limbic association area provide to memories?

Answer 48

Emotional impact

Question 49

What is lateralization in the context of cortical functioning?

Answer 49

Division of labor between hemispheres

Question 50

What does cerebral dominance refer to?

Answer 50

Hemisphere that is dominant for language

Question 51

What percentage of humans have left-sided dominance?

Answer 51

90%

Question 52

What skills does the left hemisphere control?

Answer 52

Language, math, and logic

Question 53

What skills does the right hemisphere control?

Answer 53

Visual-spatial skills, intuition, emotion, and artistic and musical skills

Question 54

True or False: The hemispheres of the brain are identical.

Answer 54

False