Brain Parts Flashcards
(24 cards)
Cerebellum
Cerebellar hemisphere: motor function, plan + coordination (smooth motor movement)
Vermis (middle): regulate trunk + proximal limb movement
- projections to prefrontal cortex: influence cognition function
injury:
ataxia
dysprosody (neuro-speech disorder)
cerebellar cognition affective syndrome (CCAS)
CCAS
cerebellar cognition affective syndrome
decrease executive function
visuospatial impairment
behavioral changes
language deficits
Thalamus
critical subcortical structure
all info received by cerebral cortex
sensory + motor pass through expect olfaction
injury: varying deficits
Basal Ganglia Parts
caudate
putamen
globus pallidus
sub-thalamic nucleus
substania nigra
Basal Ganglia
white matter pathways between basal ganglia and cortex
GABA + glutamate pathways
cognitive functioning: impacted by white matter - attention, memory retrieval, executive function and behavior
injury: movement disorders
hyperkinesia - hungintons
hypokinesia - parkinsons
Limbic System
hypothalamus (homeostasis)
amygdala (emotion + driveS)
hippocampus (memory)
CN I (olfaction)
Hypothalamus
ANS control
projections to memory structures
homeostasis (secretion of hormones) with pituitary (store +release hormones)
Amygdala
anterior temporal lobe
emotional significance to experience
fear/anxiety/aggression
influence ANS through hypothalamus/ brainstem
** focal seizures: result in intense fear
Hippocampus
deep in temporal lobe
critical for memory formation + consolidation
** deterioration associated with Alzheimers
Cerebral Cortex
2 hemispheres
connected by corpus collosum
Four Lobes of Cerebral Cortex
- occipital
- parietal
- temporal
- frontal
Right Side Function
primary spatial/ non-language function
complex visual patterns
non-language sounds
tactile recognition
spatial movement/orientation
3-D visualization
visual memory
Left Side Function
primary language function
speech production/comprehension
read/write/math
complex voluntary movement
verbal memory
Occipital Lobe
primary visual processing
3 pathways: form/color/motion
transfer info to parietal + temporal lobes
injury:
visual field deficits (ex. homonymous hemianopsia)
visual agnosia (failure to recognize what objects are)
prosopagnosia (failure to recognize familiar and unfamiliar faces)
Dorsal Stream (occipital lobe)
visual guidance movement/motion
“where”
Ventral Stream (occipital lobe)
form detection
“what”
Parietal Lobe
somatosensory (primary) + visual info
topoghraphic orientation - where we are in space
visual guided movement/interaction with environment
injury:
spatial neglect (ie L spatial neglect)
somatic perceptual deficits
apraxia
Astereogenosis
Parietal injury
somatic perceptual deficits
identify objects by touch
Autopagnosis
Parietal Injury
somatic perceptual deficits
fail to identify own body part
Asomatognosia
Parietal Injury
somatic perceptual deficits
fail to acknowledge a body part as your own
Anosognosia
Parietal Injury
unawareness or denial of illness
Balints Syndrome
infarct to R parieto-occipital lobe
- simultanagnosia: inability to perceive more than one object at a time
- oculomotor apraxia: difficulty fixing gaze or moving eyes voluntarily
- optic ataxia: inability to visually guide movement
Apraxia
impaired ability to carryout skills or motor movement in absence of motor impairment
Temporal Lobe
auditory (background noise R, language L)
object recognition: identify/classification/organization
** memory - LT memory store
** affective response
** - amygadala/hippocampus
