Brain Parts

Question 1

Cerebellum

Answer 1

Cerebellar hemisphere: motor function, plan + coordination (smooth motor movement)

Vermis (middle): regulate trunk + proximal limb movement
- projections to prefrontal cortex: influence cognition function

injury:
ataxia
dysprosody (neuro-speech disorder)
cerebellar cognition affective syndrome (CCAS)

Question 2

CCAS

Answer 2

cerebellar cognition affective syndrome

decrease executive function
visuospatial impairment
behavioral changes
language deficits

Question 3

Thalamus

Answer 3

critical subcortical structure
all info received by cerebral cortex
sensory + motor pass through expect olfaction

injury: varying deficits

Question 4

Basal Ganglia Parts

Answer 4

caudate
putamen
globus pallidus
sub-thalamic nucleus
substania nigra

Question 5

Basal Ganglia

Answer 5

white matter pathways between basal ganglia and cortex

GABA + glutamate pathways

cognitive functioning: impacted by white matter - attention, memory retrieval, executive function and behavior

injury: movement disorders
hyperkinesia - hungintons
hypokinesia - parkinsons

Question 6

Limbic System

Answer 6

hypothalamus (homeostasis)
amygdala (emotion + driveS)
hippocampus (memory)

CN I (olfaction)

Question 7

Hypothalamus

Answer 7

ANS control
projections to memory structures

homeostasis (secretion of hormones) with pituitary (store +release hormones)

Question 8

Amygdala

Answer 8

anterior temporal lobe

emotional significance to experience
fear/anxiety/aggression
influence ANS through hypothalamus/ brainstem

** focal seizures: result in intense fear

Question 9

Hippocampus

Answer 9

deep in temporal lobe

critical for memory formation + consolidation

** deterioration associated with Alzheimers

Question 10

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 10

2 hemispheres
connected by corpus collosum

Question 11

Four Lobes of Cerebral Cortex

Answer 11

1. occipital
2. parietal
3. temporal
4. frontal

Question 12

Right Side Function

Answer 12

primary spatial/ non-language function
complex visual patterns
non-language sounds
tactile recognition
spatial movement/orientation
3-D visualization
visual memory

Question 13

Left Side Function

Answer 13

primary language function
speech production/comprehension
read/write/math
complex voluntary movement
verbal memory

Question 14

Occipital Lobe

Answer 14

primary visual processing
3 pathways: form/color/motion

transfer info to parietal + temporal lobes

injury:
visual field deficits (ex. homonymous hemianopsia)
visual agnosia (failure to recognize what objects are)
prosopagnosia (failure to recognize familiar and unfamiliar faces)

Question 15

Dorsal Stream (occipital lobe)

Answer 15

visual guidance movement/motion
“where”

Question 16

Ventral Stream (occipital lobe)

Answer 16

form detection
“what”

Question 17

Parietal Lobe

Answer 17

somatosensory (primary) + visual info

topoghraphic orientation - where we are in space

visual guided movement/interaction with environment

injury:
spatial neglect (ie L spatial neglect)
somatic perceptual deficits
apraxia

Question 18

Astereogenosis

Answer 18

Parietal injury
somatic perceptual deficits

identify objects by touch

Question 19

Autopagnosis

Answer 19

Parietal Injury
somatic perceptual deficits

fail to identify own body part

Question 20

Asomatognosia

Answer 20

Parietal Injury
somatic perceptual deficits

fail to acknowledge a body part as your own

Question 21

Anosognosia

Answer 21

Parietal Injury

unawareness or denial of illness

Question 22

Balints Syndrome

Answer 22

infarct to R parieto-occipital lobe

1. simultanagnosia: inability to perceive more than one object at a time
2. oculomotor apraxia: difficulty fixing gaze or moving eyes voluntarily
3. optic ataxia: inability to visually guide movement

Question 23

Apraxia

Answer 23

impaired ability to carryout skills or motor movement in absence of motor impairment

Question 24

Temporal Lobe

Answer 24

auditory (background noise R, language L)

object recognition: identify/classification/organization
** memory - LT memory store
** affective response

** - amygadala/hippocampus