brain scans Flashcards

1
Q

how are neurostimulation tools safe and non-invasive

A

because we use a metal rod that hovers over the scalp rather them piercing the skin

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2
Q

how does a TMS or tDCS work

A

they manipulate the amount of firing neurons in a section of the brain to see the impact it has as they can decrease or increase the excitability

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3
Q

what is the procedure of a TMS & tTDCS

A

a electronic field coil is moved around the head to manipulate electrical currents in the brain

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4
Q

what are the problems with single cell recording

A

its invasive, can only be done on animals, not sure if findings would apply to humans

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5
Q

what are the problems with lesion

A

people are affected differently - hard to identify a brain region, case studies don’t represent all of population

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6
Q

what are the contributions of the neuroimaging techniques

A

it allows us to view the structure and processes of the brain, allows us to study animal brains which is important fort he development of biological and psychological sciences that one based on animal models

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7
Q

what is the definition for psychological process

A

it is the changes in electrical supply and changes in blood supply

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8
Q

what re MRI & EEG’s used for

A

neuroimaging/mapping

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9
Q

what kind of relationships does TMS and tDCS measure

A

casual relationships

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10
Q

what re sMRI’s

A

static MRI’s

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11
Q

what are fMRI’s

A

functional MRI’s

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12
Q

how much radiation does an MRI radiate

A

0

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13
Q

what do MRI’s rely on to collect data from brain scans

A

they rely on correlation between neural activity and cognitive processes to they cant infer causal relationships

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14
Q

what is the magnetic field measured in for MRI’s

A

tesla

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15
Q

what are the typical intensities of MRI scanners

A

1.5T, 3T and 7T

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16
Q

what are hemodynamic changes

A

blood flow changes

17
Q

what specifically in blood does an MRI measure

A

the amount of oxygen carried

18
Q

do MRI’s directly or indirectly measure brain activity

A

indirectly, it assumes that firing neurons need more oxygen

19
Q

do MRI’s have good spatial or temporal resolution

A

spatial

20
Q

do sMRI’s or fMRI’s have a better picture resolution

A

sMRI’s

21
Q

how long does it take to do a sMRI

A

8 minutes

22
Q

what do EEG’s measure

A

significant voltage fluctuations from neuronal activity

23
Q

do EEG’s have a better spatial or temporal resolution

A

temporal

24
Q

are EEG’s based on correlation

A

yes

25
Q

do EEG’s directly measure electricity

A

yes

26
Q

what is neural plasticity

A

the way the brain changes its structure due to experience

27
Q

what is neuronal flow

A

strengthens or weakens nerve connections, adding new cells, increase in info = potentiation, decrease of info = depression

28
Q

can neuroplasticity happen at the synapses

A

yes

29
Q

how does TMS work

A

picks up electrical currents using a electrical field

30
Q

does the rotation make a different in TMS

A

yes

31
Q

what is MEPS

A

the primary motor cortex

32
Q

can TMS modulate plasticity

A

yes

33
Q

can TMS fix depression

A

yes

34
Q

what are the side effects of TMS

A

headaches, painful, bad sounding, fatigue, seizures

35
Q

what does tDCS stand for

A

transcranial direct current stimulation

36
Q

how is tDCS safer than TMS

A

it has a weaker threshold

37
Q

does cathodal increase or decrease threshold

A

increases

38
Q

does cathodal increase or decrease threshold

A

decrease