illusions Flashcards
what can impact the way someone views illusions
individual differences such as past experiences and amount of knowledge
what is the bottom-down process for ambiguous figures
neuronal channels, each are sensitive to a particular form of stimulation in particular region of the visual field
what is visual adaptation
when neurons adapt to the 1 figure (ambiguous figure) they weaken so neurons corresponding to the other figure are stronger causing the reversal of perception
why is visual adaptation good for survival
allows our vision to adapt fast to changing surroundings
what is the top-down theory for ambiguous figures
objects appear to flip between orientations because the brain develops 2 equally plausible hypotheses and is unable to decide between them
what is the motion after effect
it is when someone perceives motion when viewing a static stimulus
what is neuronal adaptation in motion after effect
it is prolonged viewing of motion in one direction desensitises the observer to motion in that direction such that a stationary stimuli appears to move in the opposite direction
where does the motion after effect originate
it originates from the visual cortex- raised from selective adaptation in cells tuned to response to the movement direction
what are the different types of MAE
binocular, monocular and interocular
what happens when you increase the size of a low-contrast stimulus
increased MAE (spatial summation)
what happens when you increase the size of a high contrast stimulus
decreased MAE (spatial suppression)
when does spatial suppression happen and why
it occurs out of high contrast and is thought to reflect centre-surrounding antagonism inn the neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT or VS)
what is central surrounding antagonism
it is crucial and allows the brain to manage environmental input and avoid info. overload
is MAE affected by age
no
is the central surrounding antagonism affected by age
yes, it doesn’t work properly in older people
