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BRS (RF) > Brain stem & cranial nerves > Flashcards

Brain stem & cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What structures form the brainstem?

A

Medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

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2
Q

Which foramen does the brainstem traverse out of the cranium?

A

Foramen magnum

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3
Q

What structure is the midbrain continuous with, rostrally?

A

Diencephalon

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4
Q

Which cranial nerves are contained within the brainstem?

A

Nerves 3-12, except XI

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5
Q

How is the cerebellum connected to the brain?

A

3 cerebellar peduncles

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6
Q

What is the term for roof to the brainstem?

A

Tectum

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7
Q

What is the term referring to the central grey matter region on either side of the cerebral aqueduct?

A

Tegmentum

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8
Q

Which midbrain anterior structure contains the descending and ascending tracts?

A

Cerebral peduncles

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9
Q

How are the cerebral peduncles separated?

A

Substantia nigra

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10
Q

Where are the superior and inferior colliculi located?

A

Posterior midbrain

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11
Q

Which two cranial nerve emerges from the midbrain?

A 
Cranial nerve (III) = Oculomotor 
Cranial nerve (IV) = Trochlear
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12
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges from the anterior aspect of the midbrain?

A

Oculomotor nerve (III)

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13
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges from the posterior aspect of the midbrain?

A

Trochlear cranial nerve (IV)

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14
Q

Where is the pineal gland located?

A

Posterior midbrain

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15
Q

Where is the optic chiasm located in the midbrain?

A

Anterior aspect

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16
Q

Where is the mammillary body located along the brainstem?

A

Superoanterior aspect of the brain.

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17
Q

Where along the brainstem is the ventricular system more defined?

A

Defined within the pons, opening into the fourth ventricle, posteriorly.

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18
Q

Which structure does the pons open up into?

A

Fourth ventricle

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19
Q

What connects the cerebellum to the pons?

A

The middle cerebellar peduncles

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20
Q

Which cranial nerves emerge from the pontine nuclei?

A

5-8

Trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear

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21
Q

Where do the major descending tracts traverse through?

A

Cerebral peduncles

22
Q

What are the two medullary sections?

A

Open (upper)

Closed (Lower)

23
Q

Which ventricle is exposed in the open medulla?

A

Fourth ventricle

24
Q

Which cranial nucleus is present in the open medulla?

A

Inferior olivary nucleus

25
Q

Which cranial nerves emerge from the upper medulla?

A

glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Hypoglossal (XII)

26
Q

Which posterior tracts do the dorsal columns pass through?

A

Gracile and cuneate tracts

27
Q

Where do second order neurones decussate to the contralateral side

A

Medullary pyramids

28
Q

Where do second order neurones terminate?

A

Thalamus

29
Q

Where are the medullary pyramids located within the medulla?

A

Anterior surface

30
Q

Which tracts traverse through the anterior medullary pyramids?

A

Descending motor tracts

Corticobulbar, corticospinal

31
Q

What structure characterises the lower closed medulla?

A

The central canal

32
Q

Which blood vessels supply the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Derives fro the internal carotid system

Circle of Willis

33
Q

Which blood supply arises posteriorly?

A

Emanates from the vertebral basilar arteries

34
Q

Which two blood systems does the Circle of Willis connect?

A

Internal carotid

Vesterbro-basilar systems

35
Q

Which two distinct branches bifurcate from the right and left internal carotid arteries?

A

Anterior and middle cerebral artery

36
Q

How are the anterior cerebral arteries connected?

A

Anterior communicating artery

37
Q

Where is the vertebrobasilar system located?

A

Located posteriorly, including the paired vertebral arteries than conform into the basilar artery

38
Q

What is a cranial nucleus?

A

Collection of cell bodies (grey matter) in the brainstem.

Axons transmit information to and from the crania nerves from a synapse

39
Q

Which nucleus contains cell bodies for oculomotor nerve?

A

Edinger-Westphal

40
Q

What is the function of CN(III)?

A 
Motor function to levator palpebral superiors,
Superior  rectus
Medial rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior oblique
papillary reflex
41
Q

What are the parasympathetic functions of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Motor to sphincter pupillae, ciliary muscles for accommodation

42
Q

What are the motor functions of the trochlear nerve?

A

Motor to superior oblique.

43
Q

Which 4 nuclei contain the cell bodies of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Mesencephalic
Chief
Spinal
Motor

44
Q

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Proprioception from muscles of mastication
Discriminative touch and vibration from head
Pain and temperature from the head
Motor to muscles of mastication

45
Q

What is the function of the abducens nerve?

A

Motor to lateral rectus

46
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve?

A

Motor to muscles of facial expression
Sensory from auditory meatus and skin posterior to ear
Parasympathetic motor to lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands, and mucous glands, glands of mouth and nose
Taste from anterior 2/3 tongue

47
Q

What is the function of the vesitbulocochlear nerve?

A

Balance and hearing

48
Q

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

General sensation from posterior 1/3 tongue, tonsil, skin of external, internal surface of tympanic membrane, pharynx
Chemoreceptors and baroreceptors in the carotid body, visceral afferent information from tongue and pharynx (gag)
Taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue
Motor to stylopharyngeus
Parasympathetic to parotid gland

49
Q

What is the function of the Vagus nerve?

A

Sensory from posterior meninges, external acoustic meatus, and skin posterior to the ear
Sensory from the larynx, trachea, oesophagus, thoracic, abdominal viscera, stretch receptors in aortic arch, chemoreceptors in aortic bodies adjacent arch
Sensory from taste buds in epiglottis
Motor to pharyngeal muscles and intrinsic muscles of the larynx
Parasympathetic to smooth muscles and glands of the pharynx, larynx, and thoracic and abdominal viscera.
Cardiac muscles

50
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Hyoglossus, genioglossus, styloglossus and all intrinsic muscles of the tongue.

BRS (RF) (38 decks)

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