brain structures in mem

Question 1

what are the two types of LTM

Answer 1

• explicit memories
• implicit memories

Question 2

what are the two types of explicit memories

Answer 2

• episodic
• semantic

Question 3

what are episodic memories

Answer 3

• events
• personal experinces

Question 4

what are sematic memories

Answer 4

• facts

Question 4

what are the two types of implict memories

Answer 4

• procedual memories
• classically conditioned rsponses ( emotional or reflex )

Question 4

where is the hippocampus lopcated

Answer 4

medial temporal lobe

Question 5

what does the hippocampus do

Answer 5

• consolidates explicit memories (explicit or semantic)

Question 6

does the hippocampus store memories

Answer 6

noooo

Question 7

where does the hippocampus transfer memories to

Answer 7

the hippocampus transfers memories to the neocortex for long term storage

Question 8

what are the two functions of the amygdala

Answer 8

• to strengthen explicit memories
• to consolidate classically conditioned emotional memories

Question 8

where is the amygdala located

Answer 8

in the medial temporal lobe just below the hippocampus

Question 8

how does the amygdala strengthen explicit memories (broad)

Answer 8

by consolidating and encoding the emotional compent of explicit memories

Question 9

how is the amygdala involved in classically conditioned emotional memories

Answer 9

the amygalda encodes the memory of a response learnt through the assocition of a neutral stimulus and unconcious response to produce a concious response

Question 9

does the amygdala store memoires

Answer 9

no, they are transfered to the neocortex for storage

Question 9

how does the amygdala strengthen explicit memories (specific/neurohormone related)

Answer 9

• during heitghened emotional arousal, the FFF response releases adrenaline
• adreniline triggers the release of noradrenline in the amygdala
• noradrenline then stimulates the amygalda to send neural signals to the hippocampus to store the relevant emotional detials of explict memores

Question 10

where are CC emotional memories stored

Answer 10

neocortex

Question 11

where/what is the neocortex

Answer 11

the neocortex is the outer layer of the brain

Question 11

what memories are stored in the neocortex

Answer 11

• explicit memories (episodic + semantic)
  -CC emotional memories
• procedual memories AFTER they have been well learnt

Question 11

what form of implicit memory is NOT stored in the neocortex

Answer 11

• CC reflexive memories

Question 12

where is the basil ganglia located

Answer 12

the mid brain

Question 13

what is the role of the basil ganglia

Answer 13

• to encode and TEMPORALILY store implicit procedual memories that involve motor skills and movement

Question 14

where are implict procedual memories stored in the long term

Answer 14

neo cortex

Question 14

what does the basil ganglia communicate with and why

Answer 14

• the cerbellum as it is also involved in encoding and tempory storage of implicit procedual memoires

Question 14

where is the cerebellum located

Answer 14

at the base of the brian

Question 15

what is the main role of the cerebellum (same as basil)

Answer 15

to enconde and temporalily store implict procedual memoires

Question 16

what is the other role of the cerrebumllum that is unique

Answer 16

the cerebullum is responsible for reflex responses learnt through classical conditioning such as blinking

Question 17

does the cerebullum store anything in the long term

Answer 17

no, implicit procedual memoires are stored in the long term in the neocortex

Question 18

what is memory

Answer 18

memory is the processing, storage and retrivial of information through learning

Question 19

what is encoding

Answer 19

encoding is the conversion of information into a usable form so that it can be neurologically represented in memory in the brain

Question 19

what is storage

Answer 19

storage is the retention of encoded information

Question 20

what is retrivial

Answer 20

retrivial is brining stored info into our concious awareness

Question 20

what does the attkinson and shiffrin model of memory suggest

Answer 20

- memory involves multiple systems - there are 3 different stores of memory

Question 21

what are the 3 seperate memory stores

Answer 21

- sensory memory - short term memory - long term memory

Question 22

what is sensory memory

Answer 22

sensory memory is the entry point for all incoming information

Question 22

how is sensory memory stored

Answer 22

in its raw form

Question 22

what is the capacity of sensory memory

Answer 22

unlimted

Question 22

are we conciosuly aware of our sensory memory

Answer 22

we are NOT conciouslly aware of our sensory memory

Question 23

what are the two main forms of sensory memory that we are studying

Answer 23

- inconic memory - echoic memory

Question 24

what is iconic memory

Answer 24

iconic memory is our visual sensory memory

Question 25

what is the duration of our iconic memory

Answer 25

0.3 seconds

Question 26

what is echoic memory

Answer 26

echoic memory is our auditory sensory memory

Question 27

what is the duration of our echoic memory

Answer 27

3 seconds

Question 28

what is the role of short term memory

Answer 28

short term memory stores an encoded version of the information transfered from our sensory memory or retrieved from our long term memory for a period of time

Question 28

what is the duration of short term memory

Answer 28

30 seconds

Question 29

what is the capacity of short term memory

Answer 29

7+-2 (5-9)

Question 29

is short term memory concsious

Answer 29

yes, our short term memory is our only conscious memory store

Question 30

what does chunking do

Answer 30

chunking allows for more information to be stored in short term memory beyond the limit of 7+-2, by chunking information into items

Question 31

how is the capacity of short term memory increased

Answer 31

chunking

Question 32

how is the duration of short term memory increased

Answer 32

maintence rehersal

Question 33

what is maintaince rehersal

Answer 33

maintance reheral is repeating the content in short term memory over and over to increase duration beyond 30 seconds

Question 34

what is the capacity and duration of long term memory

Answer 34

unlimted

Question 35

what is elaborative rehersal

Answer 35

elaborative rehersal is the process in which memoires are encoded from STM into LTM

Question 35

is long term memory concsious or unconcsious

Answer 35

unconcious

Question 36

how does/can elabortive rehersal work

Answer 36

- linking new information to already stored infromation into LTM - using meaningul/personal memoires in LTM to make connections

Question 37

what is retrivial

Answer 37

retrivial is the process in which memories are transferred from our LTM into our concsious awareness, STM

Question 38

how can memories be retrieved

Answer 38

- retrvial cues (song, scent) - context ( same enviroment) - recognition (multi-choice questions)

Question 39

what are some strengths of the attkinson and shiffrin model of memory

Answer 39

- the model distinguishes between the different stores involved in memory - the model outlines that each memory store has a different capacity and duration - findings from memory studies support the distinction between STM and LTM outlined in the model

Question 40

what are some limitations of the attkinson and shiffrin model of memory

Answer 40

- the model may be considered oversimplified espicailly concering LTM