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Clinical Neurology > Brain Tumours > Flashcards

Brain Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

How does a brain tumour most commonly present?

A

Progressive neurological deficit

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure?

A

Headaches
Vomiting
Mental changes
Seizures

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3
Q

What drug are patients commonly given to relieve cranial pressure?

A

Mannitol

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4
Q

What are some of the red flags of headache?

A

Wakes them up
Worse with coughing
Associated with vomiting

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5
Q

A tumour in the frontal lobe can cause patients to repeat behaviour. What is this known as?

A

Perseveration

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6
Q

A tumour in the parietal lobe presents with what sign?

A

Dyspraxia

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7
Q

What signs of brain cancer require urgent referral?

A

Progressive neurological deficit
Progressive deterioration in cognitive function
New seizure
Headache

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8
Q

What are the main investigations done in brain cancer?

A

CT

MRI

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9
Q

Where does the commonest tumour in the brain come from?

A

Metastases

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10
Q

Glial tumours arise from which cell type?

A

Astrocytes

Oligodendroglial cells

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11
Q

An astrocytic grade I tumour most commonly occurs in which age group?

A

Children

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12
Q

Astrocytic grade II tumour is pre-malignant/malignant

A

Pre-malignant

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13
Q

What is the name of an astrocytic grade IV tumour?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme

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14
Q

How is a grade I astrocytoma treated?

A

Surgery

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15
Q

How do patients with low grade (II) astrocytomas present?

A

Seizures

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16
Q

What are some poor prognostic signs of low grade astrocytomas?

A

Age >50
Focal deficit
Raised ICP
Altered consciousness

17
Q

How are low grade astrocytomas treated?

A

Surgery +/- radio/chemo

18
Q

Low grade astrocytomas can become which tumour?

A

Glioblastoma

19
Q

What are the main types of malignant astrocytomas?

A

Anaplastic astrocytoma

Glioblastoma multiforme

20
Q

How are malignant astrocytomas treated?

A

Non-curative surgery

Post-op radiotherapy

21
Q

Oligodendroglial tumours tend to affect which lobe?

A

Frontal

22
Q

How do oligodendroglial tumours present?

A

Seizures

23
Q

How can oligodendroglial tumours be distinguished from astrocytomas?

A

Calcification on MRI

24
Q

How are oligodendroglial tumours treated?

A

Chemotherapy mainly

Surgery

25
Q

What are the main symptoms of meningiomas?

A

Headache

Cranial nerve neuropathy

26
Q

What are the five types of aggressive meningioma?

A 
Clear cell
Chordoid
Rhabdoid
Atypical
Papillary
27
Q

What can be done to ease the resection of a meningioma?

A

Embolisation of vascular supply

28
Q

How is meningioma treated?

A

Preop embolisation
Surgery
Radiotherapy

29
Q

What is the main nerve sheath tumour?

A

Schwannoma

30
Q

Any child with a midline tumour must be checked for what?

A

Beta HCG
AFP
PLAP

Clinical Neurology (20 decks)

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