Brainstem

Question 1

Medial Lemniscus Arm vs Leg organization

Answer 1

Arms are at top, legs are at bottom

Question 2

Pons Arms vs legs

Answer 2

Arms more medial, legs more lateral

Question 3

Midbrain

Answer 3

Cant see 4th ventricle anymore, we see the cerebral aqueduct now

Question 4

Cerebral Aqueduct

Answer 4

Tube connecting 4th ventricle and 3rd ventricle

Question 5

Midbrain arms vs legs

Answer 5

ASK FRIENDS

Question 6

Cranial Nerves

Answer 6

Memorize all 12 cranial nerves

Question 7

Olfactory nerve

Answer 7

• First cranial nerve
  Sense of smell
  Sensory

Question 8

Optic nerve -

Answer 8

second cranial nerve
Eyes to brain
Sensory

Question 9

Occulomotor nerve

Answer 9

Third Cranial Nerve
6 muscles that control your eyes
Controls 4 of the muscles - only motor neurons

Question 10

Cranial nerves, motor or sensory?

Answer 10

Some are only motor
Some are only sensory
Some are mixed

Question 11

Trochlear Nerve

Answer 11

Cranial Nerve 4
Controls a different muscle that controls movement of the eyes

Question 12

Trigeminal Nerve

Answer 12

5
Sense of touch and pain in the face
E.g people studying headaches

Question 13

Abducens nerve

Answer 13

6
Another eye muscle one

Question 14

How many cranial nerves control eye muscles?

Answer 14

3

Question 15

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 15

8
Info about balance and hearing

Question 16

Facial Nerve

Answer 16

7
Muscles in face
Bellspalsy - side of face is paralyzed

Question 17

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Answer 17

9
Sense of taste

Question 18

Vagus Nerve ***Important

Answer 18

10
Main parasympathetic nerve controlling the internal organs(visceral organs)

Question 19

Parasympathetic system

Answer 19

Slows heart down
Slows breathing
Constricts pupils
Increases intestinal motility

Question 20

Hypoglossal nerve

Answer 20

13
muscles in your tongue

Question 21

Spinal Accessory nerve

Answer 21

12
Muscles in back

Question 22

Spinal cord - Dorsal Grey Matter

Answer 22

Sensory

Question 23

Spinal Cord - Ventral Grey Matter

Answer 23

Motor

Question 24

Spinal Cord - Middle grey Matter

Answer 24

Autonomic neurons
Info in and out
Visceral

Question 25

Organization of cranial nerve nuclei and why is it different from spinal cord organization?

Answer 25

Different because of space created by 4th ventricle, all is spread. Symmetrical on left and Right side Top left and right: Somatic Sensory Second: Visceral Sensory Third: Visceral Motor Bottom middle: Somatic Motor

Question 26

In the brainstem where are the motor nuclei?

Answer 26

Medial

Question 27

Where are the sensory nuclei in the brainstem?

Answer 27

Lateral

Question 28

Where are the autonomic nuclei?

Answer 28

In between sensory and motor

Question 29

Fiber tract - tract

Answer 29

Bundle of axons in CNS

Question 30

Nerve

Answer 30

Bundle of axons in PNS

Question 31

Projections

Answer 31

Extend from one region of NS to another

Question 32

Which region of brainstem is most caudal?

Answer 32

Medulla

Question 33

Cross-section of caudal medulla

Answer 33

Bundles of axons at top right and left The more middle smaller are is the fasiculus gracilis The area more at the side is the fasiculus cuneatus

Question 34

Axons of dorsal columns

Question 35

Fasiculus cuneatus

Answer 35

more lateral segregation of dorsal column arms

Question 36

Faciculus Gracilis

Answer 36

legs more medial

Question 37

Spinothalamic tract, other term?

Answer 37

Anteriolateral pathway

Question 38

Correspondence of tract names

Answer 38

Where it starts and where it ends e.g spinothalamic tract

Question 39

Where is the second synapse of dorsal column axons

Answer 39

2nd order neurons in the dorsal column nuclei of the medulla

Question 40

Nucleus gracilis

Answer 40

Input from legs and lower body

Question 41

Nucleus Cuneatus

Answer 41

Input from arms and upper body

Question 42

Nucleus

Answer 42

Collection of dendrites, cell bodies and synapses in the CNS

Question 43

Ganglia

Answer 43

Collection of dendrites, cell bodies and synapses in the PNS

Question 44

Rostral Medulla What becomes visible?

Answer 44

Axons of dorsal column nuclei have crossed to the contralateral side of the brainstem to form a fiber tract called the medial lemniscus 4th ventricle becomes visible

Question 45

Pons

Answer 45

Legs more lateral Legs more medial

Question 46

Midbrain

Answer 46

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 47

How do sympathetic preganglionic neurons work?

Answer 47

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine, which activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on postganglionic neurons. Postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine, which activates α and β adrenergic receptors on the target organs.