Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BB1 > brainstem and cranial nerves > Flashcards

brainstem and cranial nerves Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is between the forebrain (prosencephalon) and spinal cord

A

brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 parts of brainstem

A

medulla (myelencephalon), pons (metencephalon) (components of the rhombencephalon/hindbrain) midbrain (mesencephalon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

midbrain fucntion

A

processes, visual, auditory data. Maintains consciousness (also reflexive somatic motor responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pons function

A

relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

medulla function

A

relays sensory information to thalamus. Contains autonomic centres for regulation of visceral function (cardiovascular etc…)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

brainstem functions

A

conduit, cranial nerves, integration centres, reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how does brainstem act as a conduit

A

long tracts to or from spinal cord pass through brainstem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the cranial nerve functions in the brainstem

A

sensory/motor input and output for the head plus parasympathetic motor output. Cranial nerves carry special senses, brainstem coordinates reflexes involving them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hpw does brainstem act as an integration centre

A

relays to cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the reticular formation

A

interconnected nuclei throughout the brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do the reticular formation mediate

A

Autonomic control of important respiratory/cardiovascular reflexes.
Somatic/autonomic modulation via descending pathways
Important in regulation of consciousness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 main landmarks of midbrain

A

superior colliculus
inferior colliculus
cerebral peduncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does the superior colliculus in the midbrain do

A

visual reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does the inferior colliculus in the midbrain do

A

auditory relay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the cerebral peduncle in the midbrain do

A

tracts descending from the cortex through the brainstem to the spinal cord (corticospinal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 3 cerebral peduncles of the pons

A

superior
middle
inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

superior cerebral peduncle

A

main output path from the cerebellum to the midbrain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

middle cerebral peduncle

A

afferent input from pontine nucleus (motor activity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

inferior cerebral peduncle

A

inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum (in medulla)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

landmarks of pons

A

superior middle and inferior cerebral peduncles, 4th ventricle, basal pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the basal pons

A

bridge of transverse and descending fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where is the 4th ventricle

A

medial pons and medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

landmarks of medulla

A

4th ventricle, pyramids, olives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where does the inferior olivary nucleus project

A

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is in the dorsal part of the brainstem
cranial nerve nuclei
26
are motor cranial nerve nuclei medial or lateral in the brainstem
medial
27
are sensory cranial nerve nuclei medial or lateral in the brainstem
lateral
28
are mixed cranial nerve nuclei medial or lateral in the brainstem
middle
29
what is in the middle part of the brainstem
ascending and reticular formation
30
what is in the ventral part of the brainstem
descending motor pathways
31
are cranial nerves on the ventral or dorsal surface of the brainstem
ventral
32
where do CNs arise from
nuclei
33
which CNs are midbrain
1-4
34
which CNs are pons
5-8
35
which CNs are medulla
9-12
36
3 types motor nuclei
somatic, branchial, visceral
37
where do somatic motor nuclei project to
skeletal muscle
38
where do branchial motor nuclei project to
muscles derived from branchial arches (jaws, facial expression, larynx, pharynx, neck
39
where do visceral motor nuclei project to
origin to preganglionic fibres that contribute to the cranial parasympathetic outflow. These fibres end in peripheral ganglia. Postganglionic fibres arising in those ganglia (peripheral ganglia) supply the smooth muscles and glands.
40
somatic motor nuclei
3, 4, 6, 12
41
visceral motor nuclei
10 3
42
visceral sensory nuceli
nucleus of the solitary tract
43
somatic sensory nuclei
5, 8
44
what does the sulcus limitans separate
motor and sensory nuclei in the brainstem
45
Spinal Accessory
Enters cranial cavity via foramen magnum and exits via the jugular foramen. Motor neurons giving rise to accessory: separated fragment of the long column of nucleus ambiguus`
46
Vagus
Branchial motor innervation of palate, pharynx, larynx: arise from nucleus ambiguus. Parasympathetic outflow: to heart and digestive system comes from dorsal motor nucleus of vagus Afferents from lungs and gut: travel in vagus nerve mediating reflexes (swallowing, coughing). Visceral afferent information is processed in the nucleus of the solitary tract.
47
Glossopharyngeal
mainly sensory, but is parasympathetic secretormotor to parotid gland. Main function: detect taste of things behind mouth, secrete saliva into mouth. Has touch fibres, gag reflex.
48
Vestibulocochlear
conveys special senses of audition (hearing) in its cochlear portion and perception of self-motion, head position, spatial orientation. Nerve enters brainstem at junction of medulla and pons.
49
facial
motor supply to muscles of facial expression Five somatic divisions: mainly branchial motor. Parasympathetic secretormotor: superior petrosal nerve (nasal secretion and lacrimation). Taste afferents: from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (travel from chorda tympani) 🡪 via the geniculate ganglion to the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract.
50
Medial longitudinal Fasciculus (
tract that connects cranial nerve nuclei controlling eye movements
51
what does the medial longitudinal fasciculus signal to
vestibular system to keep the eyes balanced when the head moves
52
input to Medial longitudinal Fasciculus
vestibular nuclei.
53
what does Medial longitudinal Fasciculus become when it enters the spinal cord
medial vestibulospinal tract
54
what does the medial vestibulospinal tract do
acting on motor neurons in neck to coordinate reflex head and neck movements
55
Pupillary Light Reflex
Light: sensory input 🡪 axons of retinal ganglion cells in CNII. Synapse in pretectal nucleus (midbrain). Bilateral innervation of Edinger-Westphal nucleus (CNIII) E-W nuclei send output to both ciliary ganglia which cause constriction of pupils via sphincter pupillae muscles.
56
reticular formation function
Core of interconnecting neurons. Integrates/filters inputs, modulates both high brain centres and lower spinal sensory and motor systems. Regulates consciousness.
57
what does lateral reticular formation do
afferent input from all sense
58
what does medial reticular formation do
efferent output to midbrain, cerebellum etc
59
what does midline reticular formation do
acilitatory or inhibitory (filtering pain inputs)
60
what does the reticular formation contain
modulatory systems that have a widespread output to hypothalamus, cortex and limbic system, as well as descending projections
61
what NTs do reticular activating systems use
monoamines and ACh
62
where does output from the reticular formation go
hypothalamus, cortex and limbic system, as well as descending projections
63
what NT does the Pepunculopontine nucleus use
ACh
64
what NT does the Substantia Nigra use
dopamine
65
what NT does the Ventral Tegmental Area use
dopamine
66
what NT does the Locus Coeruleus use
adrenaline
67
what NT does the Raphe Nucleiuse
serotonin
68
what does the substantia nigra control
movement initiation
69
what does the ventral tegmental area control
organising behaviours, attention, reward, motivation
70
what does the locus coeruleus control
ympathetic nervous system control centre (descending fibres activate preganglionic sympathetic, ascending activates CNS in fight or flight)
71
what does the raphe nucleus control
arousal, cognition, mood, pain perception

BB1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions