Brainstem Part 1

Question 1

How many functional components (GSE, etc) are found in the spinal cord?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

The afferent fibers are separated from the efferent fibers by what?

Answer 2

Sulcus limitans

Question 3

Where is the sulcus limitans found?

Answer 3

Fourth ventricle of the brain

Question 4

How many functional components of cranial nerves are there (in the brainstem)?

Answer 4

7

Question 5

Of the initials of functional components of nerves, what initials is there not one of anywhere in the body?

Answer 5

SSE

Question 6

What does ARAS stand for?

Answer 6

Ascending
Reticular
Activating
System

Question 7

What type of functional fiber is cranial nerve I for sense of smell?

Answer 7

SVA

Question 8

What are the functional fibers for Cranial nerve VIII for sense of balance?

Answer 8

SSA

Question 9

What does INO stand for?

Answer 9

Inter nuclear opthalmoplegia

Question 10

Columns of nuclei form during embryonic development from what?

Answer 10

Basal plate

Question 11

Cell bodies of neurons that supply skeletal muscles are derived from ____ myotomes.

Answer 11

Cephalic myotomes

Question 12

The basal plate contains primarily ___ neurons and the alar plate contains primarily ___

Answer 12

Motor, sensory

Question 13

What is the name of the 1st brachial arch? What cranial nerve forms from it? And what muscle group forms from it?

Answer 13

Mandibular arch
Trigeminal nerve - CN V
Muscles of mastication

Question 14

What is the name of the 2nd brachial arch, what cranial nerve is formed from it and what muscle group is formed from it?

Answer 14

Hyoid arch
Facial nerve - CN VII
Muscles of facial expression

Question 15

The glossopharyngeal nerve - CN IX controls they stylopharyngeus muscle. Both are derived from which branchial arch?

Answer 15

3rd

Question 16

The ability of the eye to change its focus from distant to near objects (and vice versa). This process is achieved by the lens changing its shape

Answer 16

Accommodation

Question 17

Parasympathetic nucleus of CN II whose function is pupil constriction and accommodation of the lens

Answer 17

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Question 18

Where is the edinger-Westphal nucleus located?

Answer 18

Midbrain

Question 19

Where is the superior salivatory nucleus located?

Answer 19

Pons

Question 20

Parasympathetic nucleus of CN VII, supplies the submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal, nasal and palatine glands

Answer 20

Superior Salivatory Nucleus

Question 21

Parasympathetic nucleus of cranial nerve IX, supplies the parotid gland

Answer 21

Inferior salivatory nucleus

Question 22

Where is the inferior salivatory nucleus located?

Answer 22

Medulla oblongata

Question 23

Parasympathetic nucleus of the vagus nerve - CN X. It supplies the thoracic and abdominal viscera

Answer 23

Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus

Question 24

Which functional nerve fibers are made of of cell bodies of neurons that supply skeletal muscle and are derived from the brachial arches?

Answer 24

Special Visceral Efferent (SVE)

Question 25

What are the 4 special visceral effect nuclei?

Answer 25

Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve Nucleus of facial nerve Nucleus ambiguous Accessory nucleus

Question 26

What is the function of the olivary nuclear complex?

Answer 26

Control of voluntary motor movement

Question 27

What is the function of the inferior olivary nucleus?

Answer 27

Cerebellar motor-learning and function

Question 28

What is the function of the superior olivary nucleus?

Answer 28

Aids in perception of sound

Question 29

What are the 3 fibers of the Olivary nuclear complex?

Answer 29

Cortico-olivary fibers Spino-olivary fibers Olivocerebellar fibers

Question 30

Where do the cortico olivary givers run?

Answer 30

From the motor cortex to the inferior olivary nucleus

Question 31

Where do the spino-olivary fibers run?

Answer 31

From the spinal cord to the inferior olivary nucleus

Question 32

Where do the olivocerebellar fibers run?

Answer 32

From the inferior olivary nucleus top the cerebellum

Question 33

Name given to a series of neuronal projections from the inferior olivary nucleus located in the medulla oblongata.

Answer 33

Climbing fibers

Question 34

What is the function of the olivocerebellar system?

Answer 34

Enables a person to modify a motor response

Question 35

What is the term for adaptability, or the ability of a person to modify a motor response?

Answer 35

Motor plasticity

Question 36

What is the system responsible for jolting you back awake when you are sleeping while driving late at night?

Answer 36

Ascending Reticular Activating System | ARAS

Question 37

This structure extends through the central core of the medulla oblongata, pons and stops in the midbrain. It is an intricate system composed of loosely clustered neurons in what is otherwise white matter. Is responsible for arousal, attention, sleep and regulates awareness.

Answer 37

Reticular formation

Question 38

Which cranial nerve supplies the parotid gland?

Answer 38

Glossopharangeal nerve - CN IX

Question 39

The midline zone (Raphael nuclei) of the reticular formation releases what neurotransmitter?

Answer 39

Serotonin

Question 40

Receives input from multiple sensory systems via lateral reticular formation

Answer 40

Medial pontine reticular formation

Question 41

What are the functions of the dopamine pathway?

Answer 41

``` Reward (motivation) Pleasure, euphoria Motor function (fine tuning) Compulsion Preservation ```

Question 42

What are the functions of the serotonin pathways?

Answer 42

Mood Memory processing Sleep Cognition

Question 43

What part of the brain is affected with sleeping sickness or coma?

Answer 43

Reticular formation/AscendingReticular activating system ARAS

Question 44

Which structure of the brain does the following: Controls cycles of sleep and wakefulness, posture and muscle tone, processing of pain, jolt back awake when you are sleeping while driving late at night, contains respiratory and cardiac centers, associated with level of consciousness.

Answer 44

Reticular Formation

Question 45

A lesion to the reticular formation will cause what?

Answer 45

Coma

Question 46

Which structure of the brain is responsible for the following: - Controls visceral activity - Output of emotions from limb is systems - Neural and endocrine functions, self preservation and preservation of the species - Water balance, food intake, endocrine control, reproduction, sleep, behavior, output of the endocrine system?

Answer 46

Hypothalamus

Question 47

What are the 4 cranial nerves of the medulla?

Answer 47

Hypoglossal (CN XII) Accessory (CN XI) Vagus (CN X) Glossalpharyngeal (CN IX)

Question 48

Which nucleus is associated with Hypoglossal nerve CN II?

Answer 48

Hypoglossal nucleus

Question 49

LMN lesion causes atrophy and deviation of tongue to the same side of the lesion. UMN lesion causes the tongue to deviate to the opposite side of the lesion without atrophy... Which cranial nerve is lesioned?

Answer 49

Hypoglossal - CN XII

Question 50

Which types of fibers does the Spinal Accessory Nerve - CN XI contain?

Answer 50

SVE and GSE

Question 51

What two nuclei are associated with the spinal accessory nerve CN XI?

Answer 51

``` Nucleus Ambiguous (located in medulla) Accessory nucleus (located in spinal cord) ```

Question 52

Which nuclei does the spinal accessory nerve CN XI get its fibers from?

Answer 52

SVE from nucleus ambiguous | GSE from the accessory nucleus

Question 53

What does the spinal accessory nerve CN XI innervate?

Answer 53

Muscles of the larynx, pharynx and soft palate (SVE) and the SCM and trapezius muscles (GSE).

Question 54

The spinal accessory nerve enters the cranium via the ____ ____ and exits through the ____ ___

Answer 54

Foramen magnum | Jugular foramen

Question 55

Patient fails to shrug the shoulders, fails to raise arm above horizontal and cannot turn face to the opposite side. Which cranial nerve is lesioned?

Answer 55

Spinal accessory nerve - CN XI

Question 56

Coronatropic is in regards to what?

Answer 56

Heart rate

Question 57

Ionotrophic is in regards to what?

Answer 57

Heart force

Question 58

What does a LMN lesion of the hypoglossal nerve - Cranial nerve XII cause?

Answer 58

Atrophy and deviation of the tongue to the same side of the lesion

Question 59

What are the 5 functional components and of the vagus nerve?

Answer 59

``` SVA GVA SVE GVE GSA ```

Question 60

A lesion to which cranial nerve will affect phonation?

Answer 60

Vagus nerve - CN X