Brandi's notes Flashcards
(29 cards)
Utilitarianism
the belief that the value of a thing or an action is determined by it’s utility (Usefulness)
Social contract
One person gives up something for the greater good of the others
Just desserts
The idea that one gets the punishment that is equal to the crime that was committed
Hedonism
The pursuit of pleasure over pain
Elements of deterrence
Certainty, celerity(Speed), Severity
Which two elements of deterrence did Beccaria and Bentham see as the most important?
Certainty and Celerity
What did Cesar Beccaria believe in?
That there should be no torture, no capital punishment, and no punishment that exceeded the crime and was unjust. He believed in Due Process
What is the economic model and who believed in it?
Jeremy Bentham. The greatest good for the greatest number of people.
What is the pleasure/pain principle?
Criminals calculate their gain to balance the bad, and behave accordingly.
What is Panopticon?
Prison design is based on the economic model of discipline.
What is the classical view of punishment?
that it exists solely to deter crime, and that we should punish economically (Enough to offset the gain of the crime)
What did Jeremy Bentham believe in?
Proportionate punishment, meaning utilitarianism classification, sentencing guidelines, and Hedonism is a cause of crime.
What is atavism?
Someone is “Born Criminal”, recurrence of characteristics in an organism
What does Born Criminal mean?
The idea that ones criminal future is set at birth
What is Phrenology?
A detailed study of the shape and size of the head; Related to criminal behavior
In the idea that certain body types are prone to criminal behavior, what are the types?
Endomorph. mesomorph, ectomorph
What is the Endomorph body type?
fat, round, soft (relaxed, comfortable, extroverted)
What is the Mesomorph body type?
Muscular, athletic (Dynamic, gesturing, assertive, aggressive)
What is the Ectomorph body type?
Lean, Fragile, Delicate (Sickly, weak, tired, distracted, introverted)
What is the idea of imitation?
The idea that people can begin to mimic others, if they are around them. (Inferior imitates superior)
What is a theory?
An explanation of the relationship between 2 events and the conditions under which that relationship takes place.
What is a simple theory?
Focus on 1 factor to show cause and effect.
What is a complex theory?
Requires many factors in its explanation
What is a Unit theory?
focuses on one phenomenon, testable
