Brandi's notes

Question 1

Utilitarianism

Answer 1

the belief that the value of a thing or an action is determined by it’s utility (Usefulness)

Question 2

Social contract

Answer 2

One person gives up something for the greater good of the others

Question 3

Just desserts

Answer 3

The idea that one gets the punishment that is equal to the crime that was committed

Question 4

Hedonism

Answer 4

The pursuit of pleasure over pain

Question 5

Elements of deterrence

Answer 5

Certainty, celerity(Speed), Severity

Question 6

Which two elements of deterrence did Beccaria and Bentham see as the most important?

Answer 6

Certainty and Celerity

Question 7

What did Cesar Beccaria believe in?

Answer 7

That there should be no torture, no capital punishment, and no punishment that exceeded the crime and was unjust. He believed in Due Process

Question 8

What is the economic model and who believed in it?

Answer 8

Jeremy Bentham. The greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Question 9

What is the pleasure/pain principle?

Answer 9

Criminals calculate their gain to balance the bad, and behave accordingly.

Question 10

What is Panopticon?

Answer 10

Prison design is based on the economic model of discipline.

Question 11

What is the classical view of punishment?

Answer 11

that it exists solely to deter crime, and that we should punish economically (Enough to offset the gain of the crime)

Question 12

What did Jeremy Bentham believe in?

Answer 12

Proportionate punishment, meaning utilitarianism classification, sentencing guidelines, and Hedonism is a cause of crime.

Question 13

What is atavism?

Answer 13

Someone is “Born Criminal”, recurrence of characteristics in an organism

Question 14

What does Born Criminal mean?

Answer 14

The idea that ones criminal future is set at birth

Question 15

What is Phrenology?

Answer 15

A detailed study of the shape and size of the head; Related to criminal behavior

Question 16

In the idea that certain body types are prone to criminal behavior, what are the types?

Answer 16

Endomorph. mesomorph, ectomorph

Question 17

What is the Endomorph body type?

Answer 17

fat, round, soft (relaxed, comfortable, extroverted)

Question 18

What is the Mesomorph body type?

Answer 18

Muscular, athletic (Dynamic, gesturing, assertive, aggressive)

Question 19

What is the Ectomorph body type?

Answer 19

Lean, Fragile, Delicate (Sickly, weak, tired, distracted, introverted)

Question 20

What is the idea of imitation?

Answer 20

The idea that people can begin to mimic others, if they are around them. (Inferior imitates superior)

Question 21

What is a theory?

Answer 21

An explanation of the relationship between 2 events and the conditions under which that relationship takes place.

Question 22

What is a simple theory?

Answer 22

Focus on 1 factor to show cause and effect.

Question 23

What is a complex theory?

Answer 23

Requires many factors in its explanation

Question 24

What is a Unit theory?

Answer 24

focuses on one phenomenon, testable

Question 25

What is a metatheory?

Answer 25

Focus on perception of reality, rarely testable

Question 26

What is meant by Social Context?

Answer 26

the events/beliefs of the time

Question 27

What is meant by intelectual context?

Answer 27

Books, mentors, and influences important to the theorist.

Question 28

What are the basic features of positivism?

Answer 28

Systematic observation, accumulation of evidence, objective fact, deductive framework

Question 29

What is Physiognomy?

Answer 29

Body characteristics assumed to be related to behavior